Several new methods of renal replacement therapy (RRT) are now available for treating patients in the ICU setting. However, utilization of RRT in the ICU is subject to considerable variation and the need for RRT is associated with worse outcomes. Several factors influence the application of dialysis and reflect the interplay of patient and process of care elements that are dynamic in nature. De...

In this paper, we show a general way to interpret the infrastructure of a global field of arbitrary unit rank. This interpretation generalizes the prior concepts of the giant-step operation and f -representations, and makes it possible to relate the infrastructure to the (Arakelov) divisor class group of the global field. In the case of global function fields, we present results that establish ...

BACKGROUND Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is important to support critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study, a part of a nation-wide survey for AKI conducted by the ISN AKF 0 by 25 China Consortium, aims to study the current RRT practical situation and problems in China. METHODS The current study is a part of a nation-wide survey for AKI conducted by ISN AKF 0 by 25 ...

BACKGROUND Variation in end-stage renal disease treatment rates in the UK persist after adjustment for socio-demographic factors. METHODS UK-wide ecological study using population socio-demographic factors, health status characteristics and access to health services factor in to explain the incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT). RESULTS There was a 6% higher incidence rate of RRT per...

obtained 16–48 h after the discontinuation of RRT. The levels of serum osteopontin (sOPN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoturbidimetric assay. Patients were followed up for 90-day survival. Eleven (26.2%) patients died during follow-up. The mean levels of all biomarkers w...

INTRODUCTION These analyses examine (a) survival from the start of renal replacement therapy (RRT), based on the total incident UK RRT population reported to the UK Renal Registry, including the 18% who started on PD and the 6% who received a pre-emptive transplant and (b) survival of prevalent patients. Changes in survival between 1997 and 2008 are also reported. METHODS Survival was calcula...

We discuss the nonabelian world-volume action which governs the dynamics of N coincident Dp-branes. In this theory, the branes’ transverse displacements are described by matrix-valued scalar fields, and so this is a natural physical framework for the appearance of noncommutative geometry. One example is the dielectric effect by which Dp-branes may be polarized into a noncommutative geometry by ...

INTRODUCTION Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a fully established treatment for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) but there are no scientifically established criteria when to initiate it. Our objectives were to describe the epidemiology of critically ill patients with AKI receiving RRT and to evaluate the relationship between biochemical, physiological and comorbid factor...

Aiming at the problem of low efficiency and large memory consumption in mobile robot path planning, this paper proposes an improved version RRT*Fixed Nodes( RRT*FN )algorithm based on adaptive threshold, named A-RRT*FN. The algorithm constructs a sampling tree two directions starting point, target point adaptively sets threshold according to environment both sides improve environmental adaptabi...

Epidemiology of renal replacement therapy: International comparisons of renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) remains the most important tool for all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the world. Patients are usually listed in the national renal registries which report demographic data, incidence, prevalence and outcome. Differences in acceptance of the RRT, pa...