A standardized maximum likelihood departure, a standardized score departure, the signed likelihood root: these are familiar inference outputs from statistical packages, with the signed likelihood root often viewed as the most reliable. A third-order adjusted signed likelihood root called r∗ is available from likelihood theory, but the formulas and development methods are not always easily imple...

Despite a call for evidence-based practice in school psychology, limited research on the topic of assessment exists. To begin to address this gap research, modified version Jenson–Doss and Hawley’s (2010) Attitudes Toward Standardized Assessment (ASA) scale was administered 371 U.S. psychologists. Examination ASA’s factor structure suggested that bifactor model with single overall domain three ...

Standardized difference scores are intuitive indexes which measure the effect size between two groups. Compared to a t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, they are independent of sample size. Thus, their use can be recommended for comparing baseline covariates in clinical trials as well as propensity-score matched studies. In this paper, we show how to calculate sample standardized differences for ...

BACKGROUND Surgical patients are asked to fast for a sufficient duration to ensure that the amount of residual liquid in the stomach is within the safe range, thereby reducing the risk of gastric reflux perioperatively. The authors hypothesized that subjective hunger numerical rating scale (NRS) score could also help assess the process of gastric emptying and determine the amount of fluid remai...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an instrument that allows assessment and comparison of penile perception of patients, parents and surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 77 boys 6 to 17 years old who had undergone hypospadias repair were interviewed by a psychologist with a standardized questionnaire concerning penile self-perception with regard to meatus, glans, ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous...