[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160136.].

A shelterwood method is described that provides stand conditions that enhance the growth of estabhshed red oak advance reproduction, thereby improving the chances of maintaining an oak component in the next stand. Stocking of a mature, fully stocked stand is reduced to 60%, 65%, and 70% of initial stand basal area where oak site index is 70, 80, and 90 ft, respectively. The basal area reduction...

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is an important tree species of the southeast U.S. Currently there is no comprehensive stand-level growth and yield model for the species. The model system described here estimates site index (SI) if dominant height (Hdom) and stand age are known (inversely, the model can project Hdom at any given age if SI is known). The survival (N) equation was dependent...

BACKGROUND The sit-to-stand movement requires balance control and coordination between the trunk and lower limbs. For these reasons, it is commonly used in clinics for evaluating lower limb muscle function in the elderly. The aim of the present study was to point out re levant biomechanical and neurophysiological sit-to-stand parameters allowing comparison between elderly fallers and non-faller...

Adjustable sit-stand workstations, which are designed to allow workers to sit and stand autonomously while working, were examined to identify the effects on workers' musculoskeletal discomfort, alertness and performance. Twenty-four healthy subjects participated in the study. The subjects were required to do an English transcription task for 150 min under the following conditions: 1) sitting at...

Using Goffman’s (1981) participation framework and Brown & Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, this study examines stand-up comedy in the U.S. and Japan and demonstrates pervasive patterns of communication in comedy performance. In the U.S., stand-up acts are comprised of solo comedian’s narrative performance, while stand-up comic narrative in Japan is performed in the form of dialogue between...

Cervical fusion is a traditional procedure for the treatment of singleand multi-level spondylotic myleopathy or radiculopathy. The stand-alone graft has been shown to be less effective in providing the stability to construct especially with multi-level decompression. Additional stabilization of stand-alone grafting with anterior instrumentation (plate and screws), posterior instrumentation (rod...

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning architecture for a robot with large degrees of freedom. In order to enable learning in a practical numbers of trials, we introduce a low-dimensional representation of the state of the robot for higher-level planning. The upper level learns a discrete sequence of sub-goals in a low-dimensional state space for achieving the main goal...