The multibillion-dollar trade in bushmeat is among the most immediate threats to the persistence of tropical vertebrates, but our understanding of its underlying drivers and effects on human welfare is limited by a lack of empirical data. We used 30 years of data from Ghana to link mammal declines to the bushmeat trade and to spatial and temporal changes in the availability of fish. We show tha...

PURPOSE In this study, the authors examined the influences of selected social (gender, employment status, educational achievement level) and style variables (race of examiner, interview topic) on the production of African American English (AAE) by adults. METHOD Participants were 50 African American men and women, ages 20-30 years. The authors used Rapid and Anonymous Survey (RAS) methods to ...

Cigarette smuggling reduces the price of cigarettes, thwarts youth access restrictions, reduces government revenue, and undercuts the ability of taxes to reduce consumption. The tobacco industry often opposes increases to tobacco taxes on the claim that greater taxes induce more smuggling. To date, little is known about the magnitude of smuggling in the Philippines. his information is necessary...

Background & Aims: Despite advantages of exercise most employees in various countries do not exercise adequately. Transtheoretical model has been identified as a comprehensive model for behavior change and self efficacy is regarded as a fundamental structure of this model. Hence, in this study, the situation of exercise in comployees of Yazd according to the Transtheoretical Model and its relat...

social and cultural family raise more than before. this article examines the role of women in family economic efficiency. to identify the components listed on the theories of resources, power, system theory and empowerment is used. sampling technique used, multi-stage stratified sampling with probability proportional to size cluster sampling is. results show that independent variables, the part...

The data used in social, behavioural, health or biological sciences may have a hierarchical structure due to the natural structure in the population of interest or due to the sampling design. Multilevel or marginal models are often used to analyse such hierarchical data. The data may include sample units selected with unequal probabilities from a clustered and stratified population. Inferences ...