DNA barcoding has revealed unrecognized species in several animal groups. In this study we have employed DNA barcoding to examine Hyalella, a taxonomically difficult genus of amphipod crustaceans, from sites in the southern Great Basin of California and Nevada, USA. We assessed the extent of species diversity using a species screening threshold (SST) set at 10 times the average intrapopulation ...

Neuronal activity regulates multiple aspects of the morphological and functional development of neural circuits. One mechanism by which it achieves this is through regulation of gene expression. In a screen for activity-induced genes, we identified somatostatin (SST), a neuropeptide secreted by the SST subtype of interneurons. Using real time quantitative PCR and ELISA, we showed that persisten...

Soshiho-tang (SST; sho-saiko-to in Japanese; xiaochaihu-tang in Chinese) has generally been used to improve liver fibrosis- and cirrhosis-related symptoms in traditional Korean medicine. Although many studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of SST, its antiobesity effect has not been elucidated. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the antiobesity effect of SST u...

Somatostatin mediates its diverse physiological effects through a family of five G-protein-coupled receptors (sst(1)-sst(5)); however, knowledge about the distribution of individual somatostatin receptor proteins in mammalian brain is incomplete. In the present study, we have examined the regional and subcellular distribution of the somatostatin receptor sst(4) in the rat CNS by raising anti-pe...

In the past years there have been many attempts to fill in the gap between the classes of LL(k) and LR(k) grammars with new classes of deterministically parsable grammars. Almost always the introduction of a new class was accompanied by a parsing method and/or a grammatical transformation fitting the following scheme. If parsers were at the centre of the investigation the new method used to be ...

Given a parse tree for a sentence xzy and a string Z, an incremental parser builds the parse tree for the sentence xZy by reusing as much of the parse tree for xzy as possible. The incremental LL(1) parsing algorithm in this paper makes use of a break-point table to identify reusable subtrees of the original parse tree in building the new parse tree. The break-point table may be computed from t...

iran is located in arid and semiarid areas based on continental divisions; any change in precipitation would have potential effects on agriculture, economic and other related issues in general. therefore, it is of high importance to know and identify the moisture-related sources needed to study the country’s precipitation data. for this purpose, it is important to correlate monthly precipitatio...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that a reduction of somatostatin (SST) in the retina exists in patients without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy and that it is associated with retinal neurodegeneration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Human diabetic postmortem eyes (n = 10) without clinically detectable retinopathy were compared with eyes (n = 10) from nondiabetic donors. SST mRNA (RT-...