We consider symbolic on-they veriication methods for systems of nite-state machines that communicate by exchanging messages via unbounded and lossy FIFO queues. We propose a novel representation formalism, called simple regular expressions (SREs), for representing sets of states of protocols with lossy FIFO channels. We show that the class of languages representable by SREs is exactly the class...

A variety of methods are available to estimate future solar radiation (SR) scenarios at spatial scales that are appropriate for local climate change impact assessment. However, there are no clear guidelines available in the literature to decide which methodologies are most suitable for different applications. Three methodologies to guide the estimation of SR are discussed in this study, namely:...

Abstract Changes in land use and climate are the main drivers of change soil organic matter contents. We investigated impact largest policy-induced conversion to arable land, Virgin Lands Campaign (VLC), from 1954 1963, massive cropland abandonment after 1990 on carbon (SOC) stocks steppes Russia Kazakhstan. simulated budgets pre-VLC period (1900) until 2100 using a dynamic vegetation model ass...

PURPOSE To estimate the cost per skeletal-related event (SRE) in patients with bone metastases secondary to solid tumours in the Spanish healthcare setting. METHODS Patients diagnosed with bone metastases secondary to breast, prostate or lung cancer were included in this multicentre, observational study. SREs are defined as pathologic fracture (vertebral and non-vertebral fracture), radiation...

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether bisphosphonates are a key therapy for bone metastases in lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer by comparing all randomized controlled trials that appraised the effects of bisphosphonates on risk of skeletal-related events (SREs).PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases (up to December 2014) were used to search all related artic...

In response to an Executive Order by California Governor Schwarzenegger, an evaluation of the implications to California of possible climate changes was undertaken using a scenario-based approach. The “Scenarios Project” investigated projected impacts of climate change on six sectors in the California region. The investigation considered the early, middle and later portions of the twenty-first ...

Heavy precipitation events are recurrently occurring in Nepal, affecting lives and properties every year, especially the summer monsoon season (i.e., June-September). We investigated an extreme (heavy) event of August 2014 over West Rapti River (WRR) Basin, Nepal. First, we forced a rainfall-runoff model with ground-based (gauge) hourly rainfall data nine stations. Second, validated against wat...

Road infrastructure is a vital constituent element in the transportation network; however, roadway surface ice and snow accumulation leads to huge traffic accidents winter. Geothermal energy systems (GRES) solar (SRES) can increase or decrease temperature for de-icing removal of winter, mitigation heat summer. Technology performance economic evaluation GRES SRES are reviewed this paper based on...