Background: Heat exchanger is a device in many industrial applications and energy conversion systems. Various heat exchangers are designed for different industrial processes and applications. Shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) has its own importance in the process industries. Methods: Experimental and numerical simulations are carried for a single shell and multiple pass heat exchangers with ...

scoure is the removal of particle sediment which results variation of flow pattern. local scour is considered as one of the reasons of instability and ultimately failure of bridges.therefore, proposing some controlling methods to reduce this phenomenon is essential. in the study, effects of two types of squar and circular collar on a single cylindrical model have been investigated. in the next ...

-The characteristics of a number of metal components proposed as impact energy absorbers are reviewed, attention being focussed on to modes of deformation which stem from the axial compression of metal tubes. Progressive buckling, inversion and splitting are discussed and areas for future work identified. The buckling of thin-walled square section tubes filled with polyurethane foam is also des...

Figure 1 shows an example of visual transparency. The image could arise from a number of different physical causes. For example, a square of tissue paper could be in front of a dark grey circle; or a circular shadow could be cast on a plane containing a light grey square; or a dark circular filter could be lying on top of a light grey square. Although the physics is uncertain, one can perceive ...

Here, we propose an optical filter and an optical power splitter based on two-dimensionalphotonic crystal all circular ring resonators. These structures are made of a square lattice ofsilicon rods with the refractive index n1=3.464 surrounded by air (with refractive indexn2=1). First, we have designed the filter and by using that, we designed a power splitter. Thetransmission efficiency and Qua...

when flow passes over the tube bundles, energy of flow transfers to the tubes. the fluid induced vibrations (fiv) imposed on the tubes is one of the important problems in analyzing the tube bundles and causes several problems. in this work, first, laminar flow around circular cylinder asymmetrically in a channel is simulated. the reynolds number is 20 and 100. the lift forces to tube are not ze...

Thin-walled tubular structures are widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace and military because of their lightweight excellent performance under different loading conditions. This study aimed to investigate the lateral crushing square aluminium tubes filled with cores (honeycomb, polyurethane foam mixed these two fillers). Different failure modes tested have been observed they p...