We used microarrays to identify the causes of sporulation deficiencies in Bacillus subtilis after 6,000 generations of evolution. We found that sporulation loss did not result from large-scale deletions; therefore, it must have resulted from smaller indels and/or substitutions. Transcription patterns of one strain versus its ancestor showed that sporulation was not initiated and suggested that ...

In the course of study on ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a new species of RNA (20S) was observed in sporulating cells by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative content of this RNA to total RNA increased linearly early in sporulation. Labeled adenine was preferentially incorporated into 20S RNA during the early stages of sporulation. T...

The pseudotemperate phage PMB12 was isolated from soil on the basis of its ability to enhance the rate of sporulation of Bacillus subtilis 168. PMB12 was subsequently shown to convert the sporulation defect in two genetically distinct classes of sporulation mutants. One class includes those rifampin-resistant mutants that are also spore-negative (mutated at the rif locus). The other class inclu...

Five different sporulation medium such as tryptone yeast extract (TYE) broth, tryptone glucose yeast extract (TGYE) broth, minimal media, Sucrose salt medium, Arret & Krishbaum (AK)sporulation agar were screened for spore production in Bacillus megaterium ATCC 9885. During this study, it was observed that out of different combinations of tryptone, yeast extract and dextrose sporulation was maxi...

Yeast cells enter and undergo gametogenesis relatively asynchronously, making it technically challenging to perform stage-specific genomic and biochemical analyses. Cell-to-cell variation in the expression of the master regulator of entry into sporulation IME1, has been implicated to be the underlying cause of asynchronous sporulation. Here we find that timing of IME1 expression is of critical ...

Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It produces dormant spores, which serve as an infectious vehicle responsible for transmission of the disease and persistence of the organism in the environment. In Bacillus subtilis, the sin locus coding SinR (113 aa) and SinI (57 aa) is responsible for sporulation inhibition. In B. subtilis, SinR ma...

The gas mixtures from cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiue inhibited growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger and germination of seeds of Lepidium sativum. In test conditions seven volatile organic metabolites in the culture gases were identified by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) as acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethanol, n-propanol, isobutanoi, and a mixture of isopentanols (I part 2-methyl-...

The essential oil from Curcuma longa L. was analysed by GC/MS. The major components of the oil were ar-turmerone (33.2%), α -turmerone (23.5%) and β -turmerone (22.7%). The antifungal activities of the oil were studied with regard to Aspergillus flavus growth inhibition and altered morphology, as preliminary studies indicated that the essential oil from C. longa inhibited Aspergillus flavus Lin...

Sporulation initiation in Bacillus species is controlled by an extended version of two-component signal transduction systems, termed phosphorelay (4). The cascade of His3Asp3 His3Asp phosphotransfer is typically initiated by the ATPdependent autophosphorylation of the histidine kinase domain. In this issue, Scaramozzino et al. (11) reported that a sporulation histidine kinase, BA2291, in Bacill...

We have quantitatively monitored the sporulation and germination efficiencies of approximately 4,200 yeast deletion strains in parallel by using a molecular bar coding strategy. In a single study, we doubled the number of genes functionally implicated in sporulation to approximately 400, identifying both positive and negative regulators. Our set of 261 sporulation-deficient genes illustrates th...