Guided by gender schema theory, the researchers explored gender stereotypes of female athletes through a 2x2 experimental design. Participants, 267 undergraduate students from a large southern university, read one of four versions of an online news article (a short news story with a photo) in which female athlete appearance (masculine/feminine) and the type of sport played (masculine/feminine) ...

Commercial gambling providers (CGPs) have recently intensified the promotion of their products and services through sport sponsorship. Consequently, gambling products and services now gain substantial exposure to large audiences via media broadcasts of sport. Due to the mainstream appeal of some sports, television audiences and fan-bases can include youth, at-risk and problem gamblers, who may ...

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games have stimulated discussions about the success of different sport systems and the Chinese model in particular. Revisiting explanations of sport in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe during the Cold War seems timely, as the current Chinese model of sport was largely designed after the Soviet example established in this period. This paper examines Bulga...

Cognitive appraisals of stressors encountered in sport organizations Sheldon Hanton a , Christopher R.D. Wagstaff b & David Fletcher c a Cardiff School of Sport , University of Wales Institute , Cardiff , UK b Department of Sport and Exercise Science , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK c School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK Publish...

The study analysed the experiences of participants on mass sport events, and explained the influence of such sport events on the lifestyle of runners. The study sample consisted of 664 participants of the 15th Ljubljana Marathon. The TRPS questionnaire was adjusted to establish the tourist roles. The role of sport tourists was assumed by 29.8% of all participants. Sport tourists who take variou...

Youth sport participants frequently report social reasons for their involvement in sport such as wanting to be part of a team or to be with friends, and social sources of positive and negative affect such as social recognition and parental pressure. Although a social view of sport has been recognized, youth sport motivation researchers have emphasized approaches centered on constructs related t...

This research aimed to (a) develop a measure of prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, (b) examine its invariance across sex and sport, and (c) provide evidence for its discriminant and concurrent validity. We conducted two studies. In study 1, team sport athletes (N=1,213) recruited from 103 teams completed questionnaires assessing demographics and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sp...

Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of imagery use in sport, but only few studies have examined the theoretically connection between imagery and confidence in team sports. These neglect necessitated the need to examine imagery use as predictors of elite football players’ sport confidence. Descriptive data were collected from forty-three male and female football players from Nigeria usin...

BACKGROUND Despite the proliferation of studies examining youth sport participation, there are significant gaps in knowledge regarding the impact of youth sport participation on health and development. These gaps are not new, but have persisted due to limitations with how sport participation is measured. Much of the research to date has measured sport participation as binary (yes/no) or count m...

blood samples (291857) from 24 provinces of iran were tested for abo and rh groups. the rh complexes as well as kell, duffy, kidd, lutheran, kp and xg blood groups were tested only on a part of the material from tehran. results show a great deal of heterogeneity for abo and rh groups in various provinces of iran. the calculated gene frequencies are compared with those of other investigations in...