This study builds on the peer effects in adolescent fertility literature by examining close friends and using miscarriages as a natural experiment to reduce potential confounding due to peer selection, simultaneity of peer influence, and shared environment. Our identifying assumption is that, conditional on a friend’s pregnancy, the occurrence of a friend’s miscarriage is an exogenous negative ...

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that only rarely regresses spontaneously. Since little is known about the immunological mechanisms involved in the spontaneous regression of MCC, we describe a case of MCC with spontaneous regression and employed immunohistochemical staining for cytotoxic and immunosuppressive molecules to investigate possible mechanisms invo...