Due to their well-defined three-dimensional geometry, spiro compounds are widely utilized in drug research. From the central tetrahedral carbon atom, besides the regular structure, an inverted spiro connectivity may be envisioned. Here we disclose the synthesis of this molecule class that we have coined quasi[1]catenanes. Next to their fascinating and aesthetic shape, the higher compactness as ...

Accumulating evidence indicates that aldosterone plays a critical role in the mediation of oxidative stress and vascular damage. NADPH oxidase has been recognized as a major source of oxidative stress in vasculature. However, the relation between NADPH oxidase in aldosterone-mediated oxidative stress in endothelial cells remains to be ascertained. The present study aimed to investigate the rel...

The low electrical conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layers impedes further enhancements of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells. We embedded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in spiro-OMeTAD (spiro-OMeTAD/MWNTs) to increase carrier mobility and conductivity. However, direct electrical contact between CH3 NH3 PbI3 and the MWNTs created pathways for undesi...

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of spiro-pyrrolopyridazines has been developed. When reacted with hydrazine monohydrate, spiro-2H-pyrroles a 1,4-diketone functionality produced novel family heterotricyclic hybrids, spiro-pyrrolopyridazines, specifically spiro{cyclohexane-1,5'-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazine} systems. The condensation reaction monohydrate in refluxing 1-butanol proceeded well a...

we show  that a projective maximal submodule of afinitely generated, regular, extending module is a directsummand. hence, every finitely generated, regular, extendingmodule with projective maximal submodules is semisimple. as aconsequence, we observe that every regular, hereditary, extendingmodule is semisimple. this generalizes and simplifies a result of  dung and   smith. as another consequen...

Spirodiazaselenuranes are structurally interesting compounds and the stability of these compounds depends highly on the nature of the substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. Aromatic substituents are known to play important roles in stabilizing the Se-N bonds in spiro compounds. In this study, several spirodiazaselenuranes are synthesized by introducing benzylic and aliphatic substituents ...

The synthesis of aromatic poly(ether imide)s containing spirobifluorene units in the polymer backbone is described. 2,29-Bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)-9,99-spirobifluorene dianhydride, which was used as a new monomer, was synthesized with 2,29-dihydroxy-9,99-spirobifluorene as the starting material. In the spiro-segment, the rings of the connected bifluorene were orthogonally arranged. This bis(eth...

Accumulating evidence indicates that aldosterone plays a critical role in the mediation of oxidative stress and vascular damage. NADPH oxidase has been recognized as a major source of oxidative stress in vasculature. However, the relation between NADPH oxidase in aldosterone-mediated oxidative stress in endothelial cells remains to be ascertained. The present study aimed to investigate the rel...

In each of the two independent indene-4-spiro-pentane mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title 2:1 adduct, C(19)H(18)N(6)·0.5C(5)H(4)OS, the cyclo-hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the cyclo-pentene and cyclo-pentane rings adopt envelope conformations. The mean plane through the cyclo-hexene/cyclo-pentene fused system is aligned at a dihedral angle of 77.9 (1)° with respect...

In the crystal structure of the title compound {systematic name: (1'S,2R,2'R,3'S,6'R)-3'-ethyl-4-methyl-5H-5'-oxa-10'-aza-spiro-[furan-2,4'-tricyclo-[8.3.0.0(2,6)]trideca-ne]-5,11'-dione hemihydrate}, C(17)H(23)NO(4)·0.5H(2)O, the asymmetric unit contains two mol-ecules of tuberostemoamide with similar conformations and one water mol-ecule. The tuberostemoamide mol-ecule is composed of one seve...