While many policy tools can be used to develop spatial plans and implement their goals, there have been very few academic attempts classify illustrate the whole range of available. This article reviews different ways in which planning conceptualized date highlights a wide variation interpretation. Building directly on literature from studies, new classification is put forward has potential appl...

As marine spatial planning (MSP) continues to gain global prominence as an approach ocean governance, planners and other stakeholders are eager evaluate its social ecological outcomes better understand whether plans achieving their intended results in equitable cost-efficient manner. While a plan’s for environments coastal communities may be of particular interest, these cannot separated from p...