Abstract. We consider a fully discrete approximation of the H gradient flow of an energy integral where the energy density is given by the sum of a nonnegative multi-well potential term and a bending energy term. The spatial discretization is based on a Fourier spectral method, which is combined with an implicit Euler time discretization. The numerical method is shown to be stable and to exhibi...

background: uranium poses both chemical and radiological hazard to the living system. drinking water from river is one of the major sources of uranium intake. dissolution of minerals, washout from rain water, rock-water interaction, agricultural run off, and industrial disposals are some of the sources of uranium in river water system. present study was aimed to determine the uranium in the wat...

A multi-stage cluster sampling is proposed for quantifying and monitoring plant species richness at multiple spatial grains over large spatial extents. An unbiased estimator of average species richness at different grains and a conservative estimator of its sampling variance are obtained in a complete design-based framework, i.e., avoiding any assumption about the ecological community under stu...

Persistence and abundance of species is determined by habitat availability and the ability to disperse and colonize habitats at contrasting spatial scales. Favourable habitat fragments are also heterogeneous in quality, providing differing opportunities for establishment and affecting the population dynamics of a species. Based on these principles, we suggest that the presence and abundance of ...

Estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) has become one of the main challenges of remote sensing science for global observation of carbon storage and changes in the past few decades. We examine the impact of plot size at different spatial resolutions, incidence angles, and polarizations on the forest biomass estimation using L-band polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar data acquired by NA...

Semi-discrete and a family of discrete time locally conservative Dis-continuous Galerkin procedures are formulated for approximations to nonlinear parabolic equations. For the continuous time approximations a priori L 1 (L 2) and L 2 (H 1) estimates are derived and similarly, l 1 (L 2) and l 2 (H 1) for the discrete time schemes. Spatial rates in H 1 and time truncation errors in L 2 are optimal.

Luminance contrast was found to affect high-spatial-frequency tritanopia despite the S-cone coordinates of the stimuli being kept constant. This proves that a traditional account of artificial tritanopias based on the spatial resolution differences between the S-cone channel and the M- and L-cone channels is not applicable here. We suggest that the lack of spatial resolution in one of the post-...

The primate visual system consists of parallel pathways initiated by distinct cell types in the retina that encode different features of the visual scene. Small bistratified cells (SBCs), which form a major projection to the thalamus, exhibit blue-ON/yellow-OFF [S-ON/(L+M)-OFF] light responses thought to be important for high-acuity color vision. However, the spatial processing properties of in...

The forebrain plays an important role in many aspects of sound localization behavior. Yet, the forebrain pathway that processes auditory spatial information is not known for any species. Using standard anatomic labeling techniques, we used a "top-down" approach to trace the flow of auditory spatial information from an output area of the forebrain sound localization pathway (the auditory archist...