We sought to uncover the impact of the social environment on the spatial behavior of rats. Food-deprived rats were trained in a spatial task of collecting food items from 16 equispaced objects. Following training, they were tested, first alone and then with a similarly-trained cage-mate. It was found that the presence of another rat substantially altered the rats' spatial behavior. Lone rats co...

With rapid advances in science and technology, the global positioning system (GPS) tracking techniques have improved and become more convenient for exploring spatial patterns of tourist behavior. In this study, we collected the movement data of touristsusing GPS trackers and anAndriod application (APP) executed on smartphone platform to explore the spatial behaviors and characteristics of touri...