A mong the most frequently used words in English are simple prepositions like in or on whose basic meaning is spatial in character. What we propose in this article is a classification of the kinds of geometry that underlie the basic meaning of various spatial prepositions. The distinctions among geometries underlying these prepositions has not, as far as we can tell, been previously noted in th...

Our study explores perception of urban environment and its encoding into the system of spatial prepositions. We explore the divergences between the physical topology and the cognitive topology of environment constrained by (a) geometric invariants (Landau & Jackendoff, 1993), (b) functional knowledge (Coventry & Garrod, 2004), (c) reference frame (Levinson, 1996), and (d) individual’s spatial e...

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis disease. About 350 million people are at risk of developing a disease, with 1.5 to 2 million new cases every year in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the space-time clusters of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north of Khuzestan Province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the annual cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence per 100,000 ind...

This paper gives a short overview of the main contrasts in the structure, meanings and uses of temporal prepositions in English and German. It is shown, in particular, that the deictic components of many prepositions and their uses in English (ago, come, since, in, etc.) are absent in their German counterparts. Among the lexical differentiations made in only one language special attention is gi...

Most approaches in the field of qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) use constraint networks to encode spatial scenarios. The size of these networks is quadratic in the number of variables, which has severely limited the real-world application of QSR. In this paper, we propose another representation of spatial scenarios, in which each variable is associated with one or more rectangles. Instead o...