Ecological impacts of urbanization include the loss of biodiversity and changes in species composition and population densities. However, how the urban environment affects fundamental physiological parameters is largely unknown. Here, we investigated physiological components related to health and nutrition, namely, plasma fatty acids (FA) and lipid peroxidation at inter-habitat and interspecifi...

Size and hydrolytic activity of the gastrointestinal tracts of altricial birds undergo large and rapid changes during ontogeny. However, nothing is known about the development of the capacity of absorption of products of digestion, a factor that can limit total digestive performance. Using pharmacokinetic methods applied to wild-collected and laboratory-raised altricial nestlings of house sparr...

The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus L.) known as both pest and predators; in the urban area, it is considered a because of its droppings, feathers, nests around house. Meanwhile, rural areas, pests predators their diets are small insects grains like grain rice field. This study aimed to determine daily consumption rate sparrows on grain; preferred food; identify adaptability; role areas....

The pervasiveness of anthropogenic light in urban environments has increased the exposure to light of many animals. Since photoperiod is a regulator of the timing of reproduction in most temperate region birds, such light sources could potentially change the timing of reproduction. We compared the luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) levels of tree sparrow (Passer mont...

Higher interclutch colour variation can evolve under the pressure of brood parasitism to increase the detection of parasitic eggs. Nest sanitation could be a prerequisite for the evolution of anti-parasite defence in terms of egg ejection. In this respect, we used nest sanitation behaviour as a tool to identify: i) motivation and its underlying function and, ii) which features provoke ejection ...

![Figure][1] House sparrows at a bird feeder. Photo credit: [Matt MacGillivray from Toronto, Canada, CC BY 2.0][2], via Wikimedia Commons. Pioneers face many challenges when venturing into new terrain: novel landscapes, unfamiliar foods and host of fresh infections for their immune

We have been made aware that the estimate of individual repeatability that we used in our study (i.e. the intraclass correlation coefficient) overestimates repeatability, and that calculating repeatability using the analysis of variance-based method, as described by Lessells & Boag [1]), is a more appropriate estimate. Consequently, we have recalculated repeatability using this more appropriate...

Urbanization is a critical form of environmental change that can affect the physiology and behavior of wild animals and, notably, birds. One behavioral difference between birds living in urban and rural habitats is that urban males show elevated boldness or territorial aggression in response to simulated social challenge. This pattern has been described in several populations of song sparrow, M...

We propose that when evaluating conditionals, people construct an imaginary world that contains the antecedent, and then evaluate the plausibility of the consequent being true in the same world. Thus, when asked for an estimate of the probability of the conditional, people should produce the conditional probability of its consequent given its antecedent. We contrast this view with a view based ...

Ecologists frequently use physiological tools to understand how organisms cope with their surroundings but rarely at macroecological scales. This study describes spatial variation in corticosterone (CORT) levels in feathers of invasive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) across their range in Mexico and evaluates CORT-climate relationships with a focus on temperature and precipitation. Samples w...