BACKGROUND Prevalence of infectious diseases in migrant populations has been addressed in numerous studies. However, information is sparse on their mortality due to chronic diseases that are aetiologically associated with an infectious agent. This study investigates mortality related to infectious diseases with a specific focus on cancers of possibly infectious origin in voluntary migrants from...

Between the Second World War and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, privately held land was generally forbidden in the Soviet Union. In Latvia, as well as in other former States of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the government has instituted a land restitution policy to reinstate lands to their previous owners. Latvia’s Gauja National Park was created as the second Soviet national park...

area display a striking variety. Ignoring many important differences among Western countries, Soviet orthodoxy reduces the variation to a crude dichotomy between "capitalist" and "socialist" political systems. Taking the United States as a paradigm, it indicts "capitalist" states as the home of malpractice suits and (so far as I know) completely disregards statutory schemes for review of compla...

Computer Art in the (Former) Soviet Bloc Introduction I. Experimental visual art in Yugoslavia A. The Maoist Critique of Yugoslavia 1. Revolutionary Definitions 2. Criticisms of Tito B. New Tendencies 1. NAMA DEPARTMENT STORE 2. Other Examples of New Tendencies C. The Successors to New Tendencies: II. Computer art in East Germany A. Programme Funken! B. Computer Art in DDR C. Conclusions D. Pos...

It must seem to many people that the collapse of the Soviet Union (and the planned economies of Eastern Europe) effectively ends the socialist calculation debate, with a decisive verdict in favour of the market. We argue that this conclusion is unwarranted. Soviet socialism presented a specific form of planning with definite shortcomings of its own, and its collapse need not rule out alternativ...

Knowledge producers conducting research on a particular set of questions may respond to supply and demand shocks by shifting resources to a different set of questions. Cognitive mobility measures the transition from one location to another in idea space. We examine the cognitive mobility flows unleashed by the influx of Soviet mathematicians into the United States after the collapse of the Sovi...

One problem with the term "common heritage of mankind" is that it seems to have substantially different meanings to different people. To some it conjures a highly communistic vision of the proceeds from resource exploitation being monetarily distributed to every human being. The record of negotiation on the Moon Agreement shows that the Soviet Union was more jealous of its planetary prerogative...

Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in orde...

This work provides a landscape on the manner in which Cuba and the Soviet Union had cooperated in the computing field between 1972 and 1990. It highlights some of the important milestones between the two nations including Cuban membership on the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the COMECOM, and its activities in the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. It also address...

Over a period of 50 years, the Soviet Union built a giant infrastructure dedicated to designing, manufacturing, and maintaining nuclear bombs and warheads for a wide variety of strategic and tactical weapons systems (see Table 1). Under the conditions of the Soviet economic and political system, this nuclear weapons production complex developed into a self-sufficient, vastly redundant, and high...