An effective healthcare sector essentially relies on a strong primary system. The system governs all major aspects of preventive and family planning services including immunization, hygiene, communicable disease prevention, sanitation, etc. In addition to this, bottleneck limiting the quality at secondary tertiary health facilities is very high patient footfall that these hospitals. are designe...

This article explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth century. Because kinship rules vary by caste, language, religion, and region, we construct sex ratios by these categories at the district level by using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East), and Madras (South). We find that the male-to-female s...

ABSTRACT To determine the frequency of malaria among children presenting with fever in a flood affected area, and the frequency of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum among cases, this cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 September 2010 to 15 January 2011 in the Australian Field Camp and Ehsas Field Hospital, Kot Addu, Muzaffargarh District, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Each febrile child ag...

Pakistan has a variety of herbs and medicinal plant resources, due to its varied ecological conditions. Large number of physicians of south Asia (locally called Hakeems and Tib-e-Unani or Ayurvedic medicines) use herbs, plant parts and extracts for treating human diseases. Source of medicinal plants are hilly areas, deserts and coastal zones of the country. Major supply of medicinal herbs is wi...

sergentomyia (sintonius) clydei (sinton) is for the first time recorded from the endemic localities of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sindh, punjab and n.w.f province (pakistan). in view of the published reports about the detection of encephalitis viruses from the species of the genus sergentomyia franca & theodor from the indian localities and their possible role in kala-azar transmission, the cor...

115 samples of Labeo calbasu ranged 8.0-17.9cm length with mean11.90±1.96 and 4.9-68.5g weight with mean 22.25±12.54 from the River Chenab, Southern Punjab, Pakistan were analyzed to investigate length-weight relationships (LWR) of fish in relation to condition factor (K). Standard length (SL), fork length (FL), head length (HL) head width (HW), body girth (BG), dorsal fin length (DFL), dorsal ...

Industries have been a major culprit in increasing carbonaceous emissions and contributors to global warming over the past decades. Factories urban periphery tend warm cities more as compared with rural surroundings. Recently, nature-based solutions promoted provide related climate adaptations mitigation issues challenges. Among these solutions, trees proven be an effective solution remove air ...