High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation was applied for monitoring in real time the oxidation kinetics on the Ti(0001) surface at 405C with dry O2 gas. The time evolution of O 1s photoelectron intensity showed a linear uptake curve up to ~90 L followed by a sudden saturation up to ~160 L and then a restart of the linear increase, indicating that O2 adsorption obey...

Simulating quantum computation on a classical computer is a difficult problem. The matrices representing quantum gates, and vectors modeling qubit states grow exponentially with an increase in the number of qubits. However, by using a novel data structure called the Quantum Information Decision Diagram (QuIDD) that exploits the structure of quantum operators, many of these matrices and vectors ...

The final third of the twentieth century represents an important episode in Swedish labor market history. Over that period, the pattern of unionization and the wage distribution co-evolved in interesting ways. From 1968-1983 the unionization rate increased sharply in Sweden, and unions gained more power to influence the wage distribution. These years were characterized by “solidarity wage barga...

This paper provides a broad-ranging review in a global context of many aspects of developing changes in intellectual property rights (IPR) in response to the currently rapidly changing technological and information industries. As such, it covers such matters as knowledge ownership, the IPR framework, TRIPS and WTO in relation to developing countries, technology transfer and balance in a world-w...

a South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa b CAIR: Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa c CAIR: Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research, CSIR Meraka Institute, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South A...

Context. The theory of stellar evolution can be more closely tested if we have the opportunity to measure new quantities. Nowadays, observations of galactic RR Lyr stars are available on a time baseline exceeding 100 years. Therefore, we can exploit the possibility of investigating period changes, continuing the pioneering work started by V. P. Tsesevich in 1969. Aims. We collected the availabl...

In this paper, we present a hardware-software cosimulation environment for heterogeneous systems. To be an efficient system verification environment for the rapid prototyping of heterogeneous systems, the environment provides interface transparency, simulation acceleration, smooth transition to cosynthesis, and integrated user interface and internal representation. As an experimental example, a...

Over recent years Brazil has played an increasingly active role internationally, the result of its model of integration and its foreign policy directives. The health sector is a valuable and strategic area for Brazilian technical cooperation to achieve various objectives, including its development goals. This article describes the main directives of Brazilian foreign policy, conceptually defini...

1Head Clinical Unit: Surgery, New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa 2Senior Lecturer, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 3Private Practice, Somerset West, South Africa 4Private Practice, Bellville, South Africa 5Private Practice, George and Consultant Surgeon George Provincial Hospital, South Africa 6Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Afri...