Nitrate is an inhibitor of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In petroleum production sites, amendments of nitrate and nitrite are used to prevent SRB production of sulfide that causes souring of oil wells. A better understanding of nitrate stress responses in the model SRB, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough and Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20, will strengthen predictions of environmental outcome...

This set of class lecture notes provides a good list and description of widely used methods for controlling microbial populations in water, foods and on surfaces. This class site gives a general overview of microbial control methods. This online textbook covers all of the standard methods for killing and controlling microbes. Chlorine is one of the standard methods for water disin-fection, and ...

A fundamental knowledge of microbial community structure in petroleum reservoirs can improve predictive modeling of these environments. We used hydrocarbon profiles, stable isotopes, and high-density DNA microarray analysis to characterize microbial communities in produced water from four Alaskan North Slope hydrocarbon reservoirs. Produced fluids from Schrader Bluff (24-27°C), Kuparuk (47-70°C...

Microbial sulfate reduction is a primary cause of oil reservoir souring. Here we show that amendment with chlorate or perchlorate [collectively (per)chlorate] potentially resolves this issue. Triplicate packed columns inoculated with marine sediment were flushed with coastal water amended with yeast extract and one of nitrate, chlorate, or perchlorate. Results showed that although sulfide produ...

The formation of mannitol in fermenting mixtures of plant, origin is now known to be due to a group of bacteria which act upon fructose and reduce this sugar to its corresponding alcohol. Mannitol-forming bacteria have been found in wine, sauerkraut, silage, canned goods, yeast, and cereal infusions. In some of t,hcse products such as sauerkraut and silage, their presence is not, objectionable,...

Currently, there is a strong interest in barrel ageing of finished, conventionally fermented beers, as novel way to produce sour beers with rich and complex flavour profile. The production process, however, remains largely process trial error, often resulting profit losses inconsistency quality. To improve product quality consistency, better understanding the interactions between microorganisms...

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a by-product of the wood industry, has been in use as a commercial solvent since 1953. It is also one of the most studied but least understood pharmaceutical agents of our time--at least in the United States. According to Stanley Jacob, MD, a former head of the organ transplant program at Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland, more than 40,000 articles on its ...

Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are of particular interest as members of this group are culprits in corrosion of industrial metal and concrete pipelines as well as being key players in subsurface metal cycling. Yet the mechanism of biofilm formation by these bacteria has not been determined. Here we show that two supposedly identical wild-type cultures of the SRB Desulfovibrio vulga...

Many pure cultures of lactic streptococci have been isolated at this Institute during investigations of the various problems associated with the behaviour of cheese starters in commercial factories. These cultures have been derived mainly from commercial starters consisting of mixtures of several types of streptococci. The strains most suitable for use as 'single-strain starters' have proved to...

(Still) Supporting the Indispensable Power:Singapore's Relations with United States from Trump to Biden See Seng Tan (bio) Singapore regards as an indispensable power whose global might, purpose, and reach Singaporeans have long viewed invaluable stability, security, prosperity of Asia. The has evolved unlikely collaborator patron following 1971 British withdrawal east Suez Canal being city-sta...