One of the primary challenges for decision makers during concept exploration in engineering system design is selecting designs that are valuable throughout the operational lifetime of the system. The problem is even more difficult when designing Systems of Systems (SoS), which are dynamic, complex, higher-order systems that may be composed of both legacy and new component systems. There are sev...

Satellite remote sensing of plant phenology provides an important indicator of climate change. However, start of the growing season (SOS) estimates in Northern Hemisphere boreal forest areas are known to be challenged by the presence of seasonal snow cover and limited seasonality in the greenness signal for evergreen needleleaf forests, which can both bias and impede trend estimates of SOS. The...

Escherichia coli cells have multiple mutagenic pathways that are induced in response to environmental and physiological stimuli. Unlike the well-investigated classical SOS response, little is known about newly recognized pathways such as the UVM (UV modulation of mutagenesis) response. In this study, we compared the contributions of the SOS and UVM pathways on mutation fixation at two represent...

The unitary representation of exact quantum Poincaré mapping is constructed. It is equivalent to the compact representation [19, 22, 23] in a sense that it yields equivalent quantization condition with important advantage over the compact version: since it preserves the probability it can be literally interpreted as the quantum Poincaré mapping which generates quantum time evolution at fixed en...

A System of Systems (SoS) is an arrangement of useful and independent complex systems, which are integrated into a bigger system that delivers unique capabilities [1]. In this context, it is important to notice that each independent system should be capable of operate and fulfil useful purposes on its own environment, but, when these independent systems are together and become a SoS they are ab...

Effect-directed analysis (EDA) was performed to identify the major aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments collected from a highly industrialized area (Lake Shihwa, Korea). Great AhR-mediated potencies were found in fractions containing aromatic compounds with log Kow values of 5-8, and relatively great concentrations of styrene oligomers (SOs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...

Systems of Systems (SoS) are a current focus of many organizations interested in integrating assets and utilizing new technology to create multi-component systems that deliver value over time. The dynamic composition of SoS along with the managerial independence of their component systems necessitates systems engineering considerations and methods beyond those of traditional systems engineering...

The DNA damage induced SOS response in Escherichia coli is initiated by cleavage of the LexA repressor through activation of RecA. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of the SOS-inducible tisAB gene inhibits several SOS functions in vivo. Wild-type E. coli overexpressing tisAB showed the same UV sensitivity as a lexA mutant carrying a noncleavable version of the LexA protein unable to induc...

BACKGROUND The anti-ulcer drug sucrose octasulfate (SOS) binds to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), proteins which stimulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types, including stomach epithelial cells. It is believed that SOS stabilizes FGFs against acid denaturation in the stomach, thus enhancing their ability to stimulate healing of ulcerated tissue. SOS binds to the same site on...