One of challenges for using microtubules (MTs) driven by kinesin motors in microfluidic environments is to control their direction of movement. Although applying physical biases to rectify MTs is prevalent, it has not been established as a design methodology in conjunction with microfluidic devices. In the future, the methodology is expected to achieve functional motor-driven nanosystems. Here,...

Flow cytometry has contributed to virology but has faced many drawbacks concerning detection limits, due to the small size of viral particles. Nonetheless, giant viruses changed many concepts in the world of viruses, as a result of their size and hence opened up the possibility of using flow cytometry to study them. Recently, we developed a high throughput isolation of viruses using flow cytome...

OBJECTIVE The study was designed to examine the effects of age on sleep and the circadian rhythms during consecutive night shifts. METHODS Two groups of letter sorters (19-29 (n = 7) and 53-59 (n = 7) years of age were studied in a sleep laboratory under closely controlled conditions. After two baseline days, circadian adjustment to three night shifts was monitored by continuous measurement o...

Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a fungicide that is used for postharvest application to fruit and vegetables. It can also be mixed with paint to inhibit the growth of mildew. During 1982 to 1992, a total of 17 human illness/injury cases associated with exposure to TBZ were reported in California. Most of these cases were skin rashes that occurred following handling treated fruit in packing facilities. W...

Cell sorters now allow the selection of cells and other bodies according to a range of quite diverse criteria. The additional refinement that allows the sorting of individual cells based on these criteria has seen application in many fields of research. Single cells may be sorted for microscopy, for culture and for genetic analysis by way of single cell PCR (polymerase chain reaction). In pract...

In digital system the comparator is a very useful and basic arithmetic component. A compact, good cost benefit, high-performance ratio and LOW POWER comparator plays an important role in almost all hardware sorters. The basic function of a high-gain comparator is to determine whether an input voltage is higher or lower than a reference voltage—and to present that decision as one of two voltage ...

Peach harvest workers were evaluated for exposure to azinphosmethyl residues by measuring foliar residues, urinary alkyl phosphate metabolites, plasma and erythrocyte (RBC) cholinesterase (ChE), and dermal residues using clothing and skin washes. Workers entered orchards 51 days after application and worked in treated fields for ten of the next 17 days. Dislodgeable foliar residues ranged from ...

In this work we report a new type of nanostructure, the plasmonic multibowtie aperture antenna with Fano resonance for spectral sorting at the nanoscale. Redistribution of surface current in our device plays a critical role in mode coupling to generate Fano resonance, which has never been carefully discussed before. Numerical analyses show that interactions of the electric field, the surface cu...

A linear sorter based on a first-in first-out (FIFO) scheme is presented. It is capable of discarding the oldest stored datum and inserting the incoming datum while keeping the rest of the stored data sorted in a single clock cycle. This type of sorter can be used as a co-processor or as a module in specialized architectures that continuously require to process data for non-linear filters based...

The analysis of extra-cellular neural recordings typically begins with careful spike sorting and all analysis of the data then rests on the correctness of the resulting spike trains. In many situations this is unproblematic as experimental and spike sorting procedures often focus on well isolated units. There is evidence in the literature, however, that errors in spike sorting can occur even wi...