BACKGROUND AND AIMS The low-temperature range limit of tree species may be determined by their ability to produce and disperse viable seeds. Biological processes such as flowering, pollen transfer, pollen tube growth, fertilization, embryogenesis and seed maturation are expected to be affected by cold temperatures. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of seeds of nine broad-leaved tr...

CONTEXT The twigs of Sorbus alnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) K. Koch (Rosaceae) have been used to treat neurological disorders as a traditional medicine in Korea. However, there are limited data describing the efficacy of S. alnifolia in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify the protective effects of the methanol extracts of S. alnifolia (MESA) on the dopaminergic...

Ungulate browsing has a major impact on the composition and structure of forests. Repeatedly conducted, large-scale regeneration inventories can monitor extent pressure its impacts forest development. Based respective results, necessity wildlife management activities such as hunting, fencing, etc., be identified at landscape scale. However, have rarely been integrated into decision making. In t...