Efficient enzymatic syntheses of isosteric phosphono analogues of sugar nucleotides have been accomplished using a thymidylyltransferase.

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations were used to study the effects of mixing time, solute solubility, solute and diblock copolymer concentrations, and copolymer block length on the rapid coprecipitation of polymer-protected nanoparticles. The simulations were aimed at modeling Flash NanoPrecipitation, a process in which hydrophobic solutes and amphiphilic block copolymers are dissolved in...

Serotonin is a well-known agent that plays various roles in animals, and little known plants. In this study, the effect of exogenous serotonin was tested on Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) under salt stress. The results revealed application 200 µmol/L had best protection salinity. Exogenous effectively alleviated growth inhibition seedlings caused by salinity, significantly promoted accumulation f...

The solvation energy and entropy at infinite dilution consist of a solute-solvent term and a solvent reorganization term representing the contributions of changes in solvent structure upon solute insertion. In the standard, homogeneous treatment of solutions, changes in solvent structure are expressed through derivatives of the homogeneous pair correlation function, which are very difficult to ...

The NMR spectra of four solutes, used as probes of liquid crystal orientational order, were analyzed. For each solute, samples were prepared at different solute concentrations, and the concentration dependence was used to extrapolate zero-concentration properties. The mean-field (Maier-Saupe) model when applied to solutes neglects solute-solute interactions and assumes all solutes in a mixed-so...

We performed metabolic balance studies in 77 preterm infants fed on human milk or adapted formulas, to determine the renal solute load and compared it with the potential renal solute load estimated by the composition of the diet or the urine according to Ziegler's, Bergman's, and Shaw's calculations. The renal solute load found in preterm infants was lower than that observed in young full term ...

1 + 0.5w (1 -s)" where -1 is the relative viscosity, i.e., the ratio of the absolute viscosity of the suspension to that of the pure solvent. The symbol (p stands for the volume fraction occupied by the dispersed substance or solute expressed either in percentage or in cubic centimeters (cc.) per 100 cc. of solution. Hence, sp divided by the weight of the solute per 100 cc. of solution represen...

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the most widespread of all gene families and currently has in excess of 1100 members in organisms ranging from the Archaea to manQ1. The movement of the diverse solutes of ABC transporters has been accepted as being strictly unidirectional, with recent models indicating that they are irreversible. However, contrary to this paradig...