We present an overview of solar flares and associated phenomena, drawing upon a wide range of observational data primarily from the RHESSI era. Following an introductory discussion and overview of the status of observational capabilities, the article is split into topical sections which deal with different areas of flare phenomena (footpoints and ribbons, coronal sources, relationship to corona...

Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of pressure drop across the turbine and solar radiance on the performance of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP). The SCPP system expected to provide electric power to a city is located in southern region of Iran (city of Lamerd, Fars province). Its dimensions are similar to the Manzanares prototype (built in Spain,...

Virial theorem is important for understanding stellar structures. It produces an interesting connection between magnetic and gravitational energies. Using the general form of the virial theorem including the magnetic field (toroidal magnetic field), we may explain the solar dynamo model in relation to variations of the magnetic and gravitational energies. We emphasize the role of the gravitatio...

Dye-sensitized solar cells present promising low-cost alternatives to the conventional Silicon (Si)-based solar cells. The counter electrode  generally consists of Pt deposited onto FTO plate. Since Pt is rare and expensive metal, nanostructured carbonaceous materials have been widely investigated as a promising alternative to replace it. Carbon nanotubes  have shown significant properties such...

The recent decades have seen the increase in demand for reliable and clean form of electricity derived from renewable energy sources. One such example is solar power. The challenge remains to maximize the capture of the rays from the sun for conversion into electricity. This paper presents fabrication and installation of a solar panel mount with a dual-axis solar tracking controller. This is do...

accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration plays a key role in water resources management and irrigation scheduling. the fao penman-monteith (f-p-m) is a reference method for calculation of evapotranspiration that needs temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. in many stations, it is not an easy task to measure the whole weather variables. thus, in this situation, one mus...

one of the most main head in governments is to achieve the energy for their countries. as the fossil sources are at their ends and also they cause greenhouse emission and environment pollution, shifting to renewable sources of energy is an indispensable alternative for most countries. the sun is the most important renewable energy source. to assessment reachable solar radiation in mashhad from ...

utilization of fossil fuel for supplying of requires energy of desalination systems is common. on the other hand, solar energy is one of the high-grade energies in the world that can be found specifically in hot weather places. therefore, utilization of solar energy for operation of desalination systems will reduce greenhouse gases and is a good alternative way. common exergy analysis method (s...