This paper proposes a tunnel window, a versatile three dimensional interaction technique, for both navigation and remote object manipulation in a large scale virtual environment. A tunnel window, which is created at an arbitrary position in space using a set of hand gesture commands, provides a secondary view whose viewpoint can be controlled independently from that of the primary view. A tunne...

slope stability analysis is a geotechnical engineering problem characterized by many sources ofuncertainty. in slope stability computations, some of these sources are encountered, such as geologicaldetails missed in the exploration program, estimation of soil properties that are difficult to quantifyand many other relevant factors. therefore, accurate reproduction of the spatial variability in ...

Maintaining standing vegetative soil cover is an important method of wind erosion control. However^ an improved physical understanding of the mechanisms by which standing vegetation control wind erosion is needed so the erosion control level of vegetation not previously tested in a wind tunnel can be calculated. In this report, a theoretical approach that accounts for both the surface friction ...

Design spectrum is known as an essential tool in earthquake engineering for calculation of maximum (design) responses in a structural system. Soil-structure interaction (SSI), as a phenomenon of coupling of responses of a structure and its underlying soil, was explored after introduction of design spectra and has not been taken into account in developing a design spectrum traditionally. To cons...

wall displacements and ground pressure acting on the lining of a tunnel increase with time. these time-dependent deformations are both due to face advance effect and to the time-dependent behavior of the rock mass.  viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic behaviors. thorough this study, the effect of different linear viscoelastic models including maxwell, kelvin and kelvin-voigt...

Wall displacements and ground pressure acting on the lining of a tunnel increase with time. These time-dependent deformations are both due to face advance effect and to the time-dependent behavior of the rock mass.  Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic behaviors. Thorough this study, the effect of different linear viscoelastic models including Maxwell, Kelvin and Kelvin-Voigt...

Evaluation of the interaction between a new and the existing underground structures is one of the important problems in urban tunneling. In this work, using FLAC3D, four numerical models of single- and twin-tube tunnels in urban areas are developed, where the horizontal distance between the single- and twin-tube tunnels are varied. The aim is to analyze the effects of the horizontal dista...

This research is conducted to develop the qualified data analysis system for predicting the behavior and failure of tunnel slope. The data from real-time monitoring system by CDMA communication is used to analyze the slope behavior. Tunnel slope shows different styles of behavior, because it is affected directly by temperature, rainfall and other weathering effects. In this paper, it is discuss...

In this paper, a novel numerical methodology to deal with longitudinally invariant soil–structure interaction problems is proposed. The uses the finite element method model structure and singular boundary wave propagation in soil, both formulated wavenumber–frequency domain. versatility presented by combined simplicity computational efficiency of results friendly, robust accurate address proble...