Fuzzy systems, including fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, provide a rich and meaningful improvement, or extension of conventional logic. The mathematics generated by this theory is consistent, and fuzzy set theory may be seen as a generalisation of classic set theory. Applications in soil science, which may be generated from, or adapted to fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, are wide-ranging: nu...

Plants in the field are exposed to varying light and moisture. Agronomic improvement requires knowledge of whole-plant phenotypes expressed in response to simultaneous variation in these essential resources. Most phenotypes, however, have been described from experiments where resources are varied singularly. To test the importance of varying shoot and root resources for phenotyping studies, sis...

The structures of every kind rest on the soil under laying them. The stability of these structures depends upon the load carrying capacity of the soil. The bearing capacity of soil also depends upon the quantum of coarser particles presents in it. The plate load test is used for the design of footing. Therefore, in the present investigation, the plate load tests were conducted to study the sand...

In direct seeding systems, soil strength variability and crop residues increase the difficulty of seeding operation. Especially when trying to achieve uniform seeding depth that will result in reliable seed germination and plant emergence. An advanced improvement has been accomplished using direct seeding systems. However, some problems still exist in soil-machine interaction due to various rea...

Prospects for genetic improvement of Eucalyptus cladocalyx in Western Australia Andrew Callister, David Bush, Sally Collins, Wayne Davis 1 ITC Forestry, PO Box 1421 Albany, WA 6331. [email protected] 2 Ensis Genetics, PO Box E4008 Kingston ACT 2604. [email protected] ITC Forestry, PO Box 1421 Albany, WA 6331. [email protected] 4 ITC Forestry, PO Box 1421 Alba...

A multilayer soil model is presented for improved estimation of soil moisture content using the first-order small perturbation method (SPM) applied to measurements of radar backscattering coefficient. The total reflection coefficient of the natural bare soil including volume scattering contribution is obtained using the multilayer model. The surface reflection terms in SPM model are replaced by...

In order to determine the best approach for the modeling of tracked vehicle-terrain interactions, a comparison is made between terramechanics and continuum mechanics plasticity soil models that can be used in vehicle dynamic simulations. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) which can be used in multibody system (MBS) dynamics to model large rotations and large deformations will prov...

Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is one of the most important soil attributes which control some basic properties of soil such as acidity, water and nutrient retaining capacity. However, the measurement of cation exchange capacity in large areas is time consuming and requires high expenses. One way to save time and expenses is to use simple soil covariates and geostatistical methods in mapping CE...

The quality and life of pavement is greatly affected by the type of sub-grade, sub base and base course materials. The most important of these are the type and quality of sub-grade soil. But in India most of the flexible pavements are need to be constructed over weak and problematic sub-grade. The California bearing ratio (CBR) of these sub-grade have very low, it needs to more thickness of pav...