breaking bad news is one of the most burdensome tasks physicians face in their everyday practice. it becomes even more challenging in the context of hiv + patients because of stigma and discrimination. the aim of the current study is to evaluate the quality of giving hiv seroconversion news according to spikes protocol. numbers of 154 consecutive hiv + patients from imam khomeini hospital testi...

pressurized irrigation technologies of course have the potential to raise the productivity of land and water; but, these technologies could not popularize among the smallholders who own millions of farms worldwide. in developing pressurized irrigation technologies, particularly for field crops irrigation, researchers and manufacturers have developed more specialized and expensive technologies w...

soil to the atmosphere and it is measured at the soil surface (Rolston, 1986). Increases of soil CO2 efflux Little is known about the short-term effects (hours to days) of are not always preceded by increases in soil respiration tillage on labile pools of C and N, or microbial activity and community composition. We examined the effects of rototillage on microbial (Calderón et al., 2000). Tillag...

An experimental study was carried out to investigate seabed-pipeline interactions with regard soil liquefaction. For a high proportion (30 60%) of fine sediment, four groups tests were configured reproduce liquefaction around pipelines for different initial pipe depths, densities and wave conditions (wave height period). The focused on verifying the theoretically computed areas failure by analy...

The persistence of Monocrotophos (MCP) an extensively used Organophosphorous pesticide in environment and its toxic effect on biota necessitate its removal. A soil fungus capable of utilizing or breaking down MCP was isolated from a site contaminated by the same pesticide. The fungus Aspergillus sp. was inoculated into the medium with 0.5% MCP. After 8 days of incubation the biodegradation of M...

DehIVa is one of two dehalogenases produced by the soil- and water-borne bacterium Burkholderia cepacia MBA4. It acts to break down short-chain halogenated aliphatic acids through a nucleophilic attack and subsequent hydrolysis of an enzyme-substrate intermediate to remove the halide ions from L-enantiomers substituted at the C2 position (e.g L-2-monochloropropionic acid). Dehalogenases are an ...

An in vitro zygotic embryo germination protocol was developed for apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. “Hacıhaliloğlu”). A hundred percent of germination was obtained when isolated embryos were cultured in vitro, a result alike those reported in the literature with traditional dormancy breaking treatments. In vitro seedling development was optimal in a modified full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) ...

In this paper we address symmetry on combinatorial problems by following the approach of imposing additional symmetry-breaking constraints. Differently from other works in the literature, we attack the problem at the specification level. In fact, sometimes symmetries on specifications can be very easily detected, and symmetry-breaking formulae generated. We give formal definitions of symmetries...

Many constraint problems exhibit dominance relations which can be exploited for dramatic reductions in search space. Dominance relations are a generalization of symmetry and conditional symmetry. However, unlike symmetry breaking which is relatively well studied, dominance breaking techniques are not very well understood and are not commonly applied. In this paper, we present formal definitions...