Studies were conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the experimental field of the Institute of Land Reclamation and Agricultural Mechanization – Sofia. The following treatments were used: a1 no herbicides with weeds (C0); a2 herbicide oxyfluorfen (Goal 2 E) at a rate of 250 ml / da; a3 herbicide oxyfluorfen (Goal 2 E) at a rate of 500 ml / da. The experiment was set up using long plots, three ver...

A comparison was drawn between the effect of glyphosate (Roundup Plus), a post-emergence applied herbicide, and Harness GTZ, a pre-emergence applied herbicide, on the culturable fraction of the rhizobacterial communities of genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize. Two different non-selective rich media were used to grow fast-growing culturable bacteria, BHI and NB, as a more accura...

Rationale Ground ivy is a stoloniferous, perennial weed that can persist in turf. Growing at soil level, stolons infiltrate surrounding vegetation and establish new populations, which result in non-uniform turf. Approximately 62,000 lbs of 2,4-D were applied to Indiana homelawns in 1992.. A 2001 survey of Indiana lawn care operators (LCO) found 79% of respondents used 2,4-D either alone or in c...

Herbicide safeners, formerly referred to as herbicide antidotes, are chemical agents that increase the tolerance of monocotyledonous cereal plants to herbicides without affecting the weed control effectiveness. The use of safeners offer several benefits to agricultural weed control. Safeners may allow: (1) the selective chemical control of weeds in botanically related crops; (2) the use of nons...

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) can be problematic in thin turf, along sidewalks and drives, and especially during turfgrass establishment. Little published research exists evaluating herbicides that will control purslane and are also labeled for turfgrass. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) herbicides labeled for use in turf f...

S-Metolachlor is a promising alternative to metolachlor; however, there are concerns about its environmental fate following soil application. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of several environmental factors on the degradation rate of S-metolachlor in soil. The rate of S-metolachlor degradation in soil under different conditions was determined by extracting and detecti...

Adsorption-desorption studies of norflurazon on 17 soils of very different characteristics have been performed using a batch equilibration method and correlated to its mobility, activity, and persistence in soils. The influence of different soil properties and components on norflurazon adsorption was determined. The significant variables were organic matter (OM) content and iron and aluminum ox...

The use of herbicides is a common and intensive practice in no tillage systems. The herbicides can influence, directly or indirectly, the population of edaphic arthropods. Collembola is a group that functions as a bio-indicator of soil conditions. The degree of abundance and diversity of Collembola provides the level of soil disturbance provoked by agricultural practices. This experiment was de...

Exotic annual grasses are a major challenge to successful restoration in temperate and Mediterranean climates. Experiments to restore abandoned agricultural fields from exotic grassland to coastal sage scrub habitat were conducted over two years in southern California, U.S.A. Grass control methods were tested in 5 m2 plots using soil and vegetation treatments seeded with a mix of natives. The t...

Green pigweed [Amaranthus powellii S. Wats.] is a competitive, annual, broadleaf weed that can significantly reduce soybean yield due to rapid early growth and biomass production. As consequence of green pigweed’s high competitiveness with crops, the species generally managed use herbicides; this may, however, lead selection resistance. A biotype resistance MCPA, mecoprop, dichlorprop-p, aminoc...