The Indonesian Ministry of SOEs seeks to increase the proportion female and millennial directors on SOE board improve environmental performance SOE. This study aims obtain empirical evidence directors' influence results indicate that have a negative effect performance. is only political reason meet quota requirements for women directors. They practice tokenism without having management power ov...

there are two different co-expression systems including bicistronic; dual-vector or two-promoter to express two different genes simultaneously and also to study protein-protein interactions. bicistronic system has disadvantages e.g. compared with two-promoter system. in this paper, a simple method based on spliced overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction (soe-pcr) technique was demonstrat...

The Indonesian government conduct several strategies to enhance the SOE’s performance. However, some financial indicators show that reform program has not optimally achieved objective SOE Therefore this paper is aimed discuss underlying factors influence As a result, study found contribution of Indonesia SOEs economy relatively low and stagnant. Besides that, many have yet operated optimally. r...

Using a difference-in-difference approach, we study how intellectual property right (IPR) protection affects innovation in China in the years around the privatizations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Innovation increases after SOE privatizations, and this increase is larger in cities with strong IPR protection. Our results support theoretical arguments that IPR protection strengthens firms’ ...