−Reducing the number of traffic accidents is a declared target of most governments. Since dependence on driver reaction is the main cause of road accidents, it would be advisable to replace the human factor in some driving-related tasks with automated solutions. In order to automate a vehicle it is necessary to control the actuators of a car, i.e., the steering wheel, accelerator, and brake. Th...

Background Injuries and accidents are the first cause of death in the first 5 years of children life in the world; the present study was conducted to investigate the extent and distribution of accidents in the infants under one year in Hamadan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out using of   data of injuries and accidents related t...

A reliable urban transport system provides citizens’ access to workplaces, social engagements and other services (Browne and Ryan, 2011). At the same time, high levels of traffic impose negative externalities on society, including congestion, accidents, noise pollution or environmental damage (Santos et al., 2010). Decision-makers objectives are made up of a variety of different impacts (econom...

BACKGROUND Human factors cause 60-70 percent of automobile accidents. Everything related to people that is involved in and interacting with a system is considered to be a human factor. These factors can be psychological, biological, or social, and all of them can affect drivers' behaviors. Therefore, one of the negative and unfavorable effects of these factors is that they cause accidents. Acco...

in this study, the total of 6,700 casualties by car accidents in the city of tehran, during one year period (1973) was examined. among these casualties 4,159 persons were referred to the sina hospital, of who 3,276 were males, 852 were females and the remaining persons were unknown. in terms of seriousness of the accident of these individuals involved, 24.0 per cent were treated at the out-pati...

In this paper, we compare liability rules in a world where human-driven and fully-autonomous cars coexist. We develop model manufacturer can invest to improve the safety of autonomous cars. Human drivers may decide purchase car save precaution costs avoid road accidents shift manufacturer. As compared negligence rule, strict regime on both human manufacturers is proved be superior policy. parti...

Introduction: Open limb fractures are frequent and severe. Very often they result from high velocity traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiologic aspects of open limb fractures in order to improve prevention and care. Material and Methods: It was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Orthopaedic and traumatology Surgery of Afagnan hospital. It conc...

Marijuana use can cause concerning physical, psychomotor, cognitive, and psychiatric effects, not to mention a near-doubling of car accidents.

Dionne and Vanasse (1989, 1992) have presented a bonus-malus systems (BMS) that integrates risk classification and experience rating based on the number of claims of each policyholder. This BMS is derived as a function of the years that the policyholder is in the portfolio, of the number of accidents and of the significant – for the number of accidents – individual characteristics. Frangos and ...

in comparison to other transportation modes, riding motorcycle is prone to accidents.  motorcyclists are more exposed to physical injury than the car drivers. many multi-vehicle motorcycles crashes occur, there is right-of-way violation takes place in which another vehicle turns in fronts of a motorcycle, or a sudden cross of path of an on-coming motorcycle. one main factor which leads to high ...