Recent philosophical debates in human geography tend to misappropriate critical realism as a method per se. Drawing upon an extensive review of the realist philosophy and method in social science, this article argues that critical realism is a philosophy in search of a method. It ®rst delves into recent debates about critical realism within the wider geographical discourse. It then suggests thr...

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This paper studies the impact of trade costs reduction on geographical concentration in the presence of firm heterogeneity and overhead type of export fixed costs. Firm heterogeneity with the export fixed costs hampers full agglomeration through weakening the forward and backward linkages and fortifying the market crowding effect. Rather than catastrophic agglomeration that the standard new eco...

Ghana has achieved substantial poverty reduction over the last 15 years and is on track to reduce its poverty rate by half versus the level of 1990 well before the target date of 2015 for the Millennium development Goals. The objective of this study is to summarize key results obtained from an analysis of household surveys in Ghana. The study consists of four parts. The first part provides esti...

a School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash Water for Liveability, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia b School of Social Sciences, Monash Water for Liveability, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia c School of Social Sciences, Monash Water for Liveability, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Aust...

The late 2000s Great Recession has refocused the nation’s attention on poverty, racial and ethnic inequality, and spatial disparities in income. This paper uses newly-released place and county poverty estimates from the 2005-2009 American Community Survey, along with estimates from the 1990 and 2000 decennial census summary files, to provide post-2000 estimates of concentrated poverty in metro ...

Infrastructure planning for networked infrastructure such as grid electrification (or piped supply of water) has historically been a process of outward network expansion, either by utilities in response to immediate economic opportunity, or in response to a government mandate or subsidy intended to catalyze economic growth. While significant progress has been made in access to grid electricity ...

At the onset of surface theory surfaces in 3-space, and especially canonical surfaces in 3-space, occupied a central role. In particular, this study led to the famous Noether inequality K ≥ 2pg − 4, while Castelnuovo observed that if the canonical map of a minimal smooth surface S is birational (obviously then pg ≥ 4) the inequality K ≥ 3pg − 7 must hold true. These are the lower bounds for sur...

This paper develops a relational, microspace framework to explain how social interaction (in and outside of workplaces) affects decision making, behavior, and performance in collaborative work. The transfer of critical intangible resources such as trust, across persons outside conventional loci of power in overlapping social networks, entails an evolution of different types of trust. Bridging n...

Racial discrimination pervades every aspect of a society in which it is found. It is found above all in attitudes of both races, but also in social relations, in intermarriage, in residential location, and, frequently, in legal barriers. It is also found in levels of economic accomplishment; that is, income, wages, prices paid, and credit extended. This economic dimension hardly appears in gene...