Apathy has been defined as lack of motivation. It has been traditionally considered as a symptom of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and schizophrenia, but more recently it has been recognized as a specific neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with neurodegenerative such as Parkinson's disease (PD). As a consequence the reported prevalence of apathy in PD ranges from 13.9% to 70%...

Aim: Apathy is one of the most common behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between apathy and locomotor activity in mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Thirty AD subjects and fifteen healthy controls were recruited from the Nice Memory Center. Apathy was assessed with the Apathy Inventory (AI). Patients with a score greater tha...

The aims of this study were to characterize the presence of apathy in patients with AD, determine the relationship between apathy, motor function and cognitive function, and to verify differences among patients stratified by level of apathy in relation to cognitive and motor abilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 37 patients with AD. The following tests were used: MoCA, t...

Apathy is a complex, behavioural disorder associated with reduced spontaneous initiation of actions. Although present in mild forms in some healthy people, it is a pathological state in conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease where it can have profoundly devastating effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying apathy is therefore of urgent concern but this has proven difficul...

Optimal design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall can lead considerable cost saving if its involvement in hill road formation and railway line formation is significant.  A study of weight reduction optimization of reinforced cantilever retaining wall subjected to a sloped backfill using Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) is carried out in the present research.  The r...

Research into emotional communication to date has largely focused on facial and vocal expressions. In contrast, recent studies by Hertenstein, Keltner, App, Bulleit and Jaskolka (2006) and Hertenstein, Holmes, McCullough, & Keltner, (2009) exploring nonverbal communication of emotion discovered that people could identify anger, disgust, fear, gratitude, happiness, love, sadness and sympathy fro...

Abstract Family systems shape social institutions, yet they are rarely considered in histories of economic development. In this article, we show that a suite conventions—such as age gaps at marriage, bride price, sequestration, and discrimination violence against women—are overrepresented polygamous societies compared to monogamous societies. This dichotomy can be explained on the grounds polyg...

Background. Apathy and impulsivity in Parkinson disease (PD) are associated with clinically significant behavioral disorders. Aim. To explore the phenomenology, distribution, and clinical correlates of these two behaviors. Methods. In PD participants (n = 99) without dementia we explored the distribution of measures of motivation and impulsivity using univariate methods. We then undertook facto...