Construal of the self as independent or interdependent in relation to others has been found to correlate significantly with social anxiety symptom ratings, raising concerns about possible cultural bias in these measures for Asian Americans. To investigate the validity of self-reported social anxiety symptoms, we examined the role of ethnicity in the associations among social anxiety, self-const...

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders, and is associated with long term impairment, distress and vulnerability to secondary disorders. Certain types of social fears are more common than others, with public speaking fears typically the most prevalent in epidemiological surveys. The distinction between performance- and interaction-based fears has been the focus of lon...

background: the internet is a phenomena that changes human, specially the younger generation’s, life in the 21st century. online communication is a common way of interacting among adolescents who experience feelings of social anxiety. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and online communication in adolescents. methods: three hundred and thirty studen...

background & aim : although the literature provides evidence-based guidance for bathing infants, it is important to be aware of cultural differences what may arise when caring for infants with a diverse family background. the aim of this study was to examine the correlation between social support and state anxiety in mothers’ practices in newborn baby bathing. methods & materials : the descript...

Experiential avoidance (EA), the tendency to avoid internal, unwanted thoughts and feelings, is hypothesized to be a risk factor for social anxiety. Existing studies of experiential avoidance rely on trait measures with minimal contextual consideration. In two studies, we examined the association between experiential avoidance and anxiety within real-world social interactions. In the first stud...

In the study of social anxiety, it is common to differentiate between social interaction versus performance anxiety. The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale was designed to assess social interaction anxiety, and the Social Phobia Scale to assess fear of scrutiny by others (Mattick and Clarke, 1989). In common use, these scales are typically administered together and treated as subscales of a large...

Anticipatory processing (AP) is a repetitive negative thinking (RNT) style associated with social anxiety that has been excluded in studies of repetitive thought (e.g., worry and rumination). The following studies examined whether individual differences in AP were associated with social anxiety symptoms above and beyond worry and rumination in undergraduate samples. Study 1 (N = 326) examined t...

Research has shown that intolerance of uncertainty (IU)--the tendency to react negatively to situations that are uncertain--is involved in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). There is uncertainty about the specificity of IU. Some studies have shown that IU is specific for GAD. Other studies have shown that IU is also involved in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). No studies have yet examined ...

BACKGROUND Two specific cognitive constructs that have been implicated in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms are anxiety sensitivity and emotional reasoning, both of which relate to the experience and meaning of physical symptoms of arousal or anxiety. The interpretation of physical symptoms has been particularly implicated in theories of social anxiety disorder, where internal...