Development can be understood as an activity, a condition, an event, or a process. In natural science, it unfolds according to principles that humans do not control, but in social science, development is entirely the product of human decisions. The concept of Development has transformed over the last sixty years or so. The concept of Development emerged soon after the Second World War with the ...

Corruption is a limp in the walk of human progress. It is not a new phenomenon; it is as old as the history of mankind itself. The corruption made itself visible when the institution of the government was established. According to Glynn, et al. (1997), “.....no region, and hardly any country, has been immune from corruption”. Like a cancer, it strikes almost all parts of the society and destroy...

Governments, employers, and companies provide financial windfalls to individuals with some regularity. Recent evidence suggests that the framing (or description) of these windfalls can dramatically influence their consumption. In particular, income described as a positive departure from the status quo (e.g., as a bonus) is more readily spent than objectively identical income described as a retu...

This paper attempts a broad appraisal of the literature on macro consumption function in Islamic economics. It starts with a brief look at the microelements of the concept and clears several cobwebs concerning wants and needs, scarcity of resources, the basket of goods, and the efficacy of utility and its maximization for consumer equilibrium. The explanations narrow down the conceptual gaps be...

Over the past two decades significant progress has been made toward understanding the neural basis of primate decision making, the biological process that combines sensory data with stored information to select and execute behavioral responses. The most striking progress in this area has been made in studies of visual-saccadic decision making, a system that is becoming a model for understanding...

Discourses on culture and development vary according to their conceptions of culture and of development and according to their standpoint. The ‘culture and development’ problematic has typically: (1) arisen from a conception of ‘culture’ as a relatively fixed, homogeneous set of mental programmes (categories, frameworks, images, values, norms) shared by members of a population; (2) contained an...

The recent advancement of agent-based modeling and simulation has been revolutionizing the social sciences, and the expectations are rising in social sciences. In the current state in the study of simulating agentbased economic models, however, there are some problems, as follows, that need to be resolved: (1) absence of integrated environment to support a whole research process, (2) difficulty...

Introduction Geographic information systems (GIS) are not exactly new to the social sciences—the UK's Economic and Social Research Council funded a network of GIS-based laboratories at UK universities in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the U.S. National Science Foundation's Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences funded the National Center for Geographic Information and An...

Economics has been a most puzzling science, namely since the neoclassical revolution defined the legitimate procedures for theorisation and quantification. Its epistemology has based on farce: decisive tests are not applied on dare predictions. As a consequence, estimation has finally been replaced by simulation, and empirical tests have been substituted by non-disciplined exercises of comparis...