OBJECTIVE There is widespread belief among doctors that posterior midline tenderness is virtually a prerequisite for spinal fracture in alert, sober patients without any painful distracting injury or neurological deficit. This paper examines and challenges this belief. METHODS AND RESULTS We present three patients in whom significant thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures were missed, or wer...

AIMS To examine the moderating effects of alcohol myopia on cognitive impulsivity in humans using the delay-discounting paradigm. METHODS Seventy-six male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to sober, placebo or alcohol conditions. In the delay-discounting task, participants made a series of hypothetical choices between a small, immediate reward and a large, delayed reward. To test ...

In recent years, the debate on the problem of causal exclusion has seen an ‘interventionist turn’. Numerous non-reductive physicalists (e.g. Shapiro and Sober 2007) have argued that Woodward’s (2003) interventionist theory of causation provides a means to empirically establish the existence of nonreducible mental-to-physical causation. By contrast, Baumgartner (2010) has presented an interventi...

Good, I. J. 1961. A causal calculus, parts I and II. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 11: 305–18 and 12: 43–51. Lewontin, R. 1974. Analysis of variance and analysis of causes. American Journal of Human Genetics 26: 400–11. Matthen, M. and A. Ariew. 2002. Two ways of thinking about fitness and natural selection. Journal of Philosophy 99: 55–83. Miller, R. 1987. Fact and Method. Prin...

The influence that injury and hospitalization from alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes may have on subsequent prosecution for drunk driving was studied utilizing concurrent controls consisting of three cohorts of drivers. The cohorts were drunk and injured drivers, drunk and not injured drivers, and sober and injured drivers. Even though the majority of intoxicated drivers were identified by ...

We unify several extensions of the classic Stone duality due to Grätzer, Hofmann–Lawson and Jung–Sünderhauf. Specifically, we show that $$\cup $$ -bases locally compact sober spaces are dual $$\prec -distributive $$\vee -predomains, where is a relation representing containment.

Mutual-aid support groups play a vital role in substance abuse treatment in the United States. A national survey of mutual-aid support groups for addiction was conducted to identify key differences between participants in recovery groups. Survey data indicate that active involvement in support groups significantly improves one's chances of remaining clean and sober, regardless of the group in w...

HiNRICHSEN, J. 1., M. KATAHN AND R. W. LEVENSON. Alcoho/-illdllced slale·dl'pelldent learning ill Iloll-a/coholics. PHARMAC BIOCHEM. BEHAV. 2(3) 293-296,1974. -The generality of the dissociative effects of a high dosage (lAO g/kg.) of rapidly ingested ethyl alcohol in non-alcoholic human subjects was examined. Verbal memory was found to be more susceptible to dissociation than either motor-skil...

Adaptationism maintains that natural selection is the principal factor causing evolutionary change. This statement is in need of qualification. Indeed, Peter Godfrey-Smith finds several possible usages of the term adaptationism. Steven Orzack and Elliott Sober argue that for adaptationism to be an interesting research program it has to be given in a reasonably strong form. Such a reasonably str...

Whitman argues that group selection is consistent with methodological individualism. He begins by defining a weak form of methodological individualism in which agents are not necessarily self-interested or rational and shows that this form of is consistent with Sober and Wilson’s model of group selection. However, Sober and Wilson’s group selection is also consistent with a methodological indiv...