Background: The vascular function of Angiotensin II-type-2 receptors in adults is controversial. We sought their location and function in mouse aortic rings at young and old mice. Materials and Methods: Male C57Bl mice (aged 4 and 14 months) were killed by CO2. The descending thoracic aorta was cleaned and dissected into rings. Aortic rings were mounted in Krebs’ solution at 37 °C an...

Introduction: We did this study because there were a few studies about aorto-branch junction. Methods: Four light microscope and electron microscope study, the abdominal aorta, renal artery, and the adjoining right and left renal arteries were dissected out from 4 neonate dogs. Results: Based on the results, there is only one cell type in the tunica intima of endothelium in both art...

The notion of smooth biproximity space  where $delta_1,delta_2$ are gradation proximities defined by Ghanim et al. [10]. In this paper, we show every smooth biproximity space $(X,delta_1,delta_2)$ induces a supra smooth proximity space $delta_{12}$ finer than $delta_1$ and $delta_2$. We study the relationship between $(X,delta_{12})$ and the $FP^*$-separation axioms which had been introduced by...

ketotifen is a benzocycloheptathiophene with a range of pharmacological activities. the present study was carried out to evaluate the action of ketotifen on isolated rat bladder contractions induced by kci and acetylcholine, compared with the effects of other drugs. ketotifen (5 µm) reduced the response to acetylcholine on rat isolated bladder without altering the maximum response and shifted t...

We study the size of the range of the derivatives of a smooth function between Banach spaces. We establish conditions on a pair of Banach spaces X and Y to ensure the existence of a C smooth (Fréchet smooth or a continuous Gâteaux smooth) function f from X onto Y such that f vanishes outside a bounded set and all the derivatives of f are surjections. In particular we deduce the following result...

In this paper, we discuss the problem of minimizing the sum of two convex functions: a smooth function plus a non-smooth function. Further, the smooth part can be expressed by the average of a large number of smooth component functions, and the non-smooth part is equipped with a simple proximal mapping. We propose a proximal stochastic second-order method, which is efficient and scalable. It in...

A smooth, strongly $\mathbb{C}$-convex, real hypersurface $S$ in $\mathbb{CP}^n$ admits a projective dual CR structure addition to the standard structure. Given smooth function $u$ on $S$, we provide characterizations for when can be decomposed as sum of and function. Following work Lee pluriharmonic boundary values, characterization using differential forms. We further tangential vector fields...

Given any (topological) Cauchy hypersurface S of a globally hyperbolic spacetime, we construct a smooth function τ : M → R such that the levels St = τ (t), t ∈ R satisfy: (i) S = S0, (ii) each t ∈ R\{0} is a (smooth) spacelike Cauchy hypersurface. If S is also acausal (and not only achronal) then the smooth function τ becomes a time function, i.e., it is strictly increasing on any future-direct...