objective(s): in the present study, the effect of tissue incubation with propranolol on functional antagonism of zataria multiflora boiss (z. multiflora) at muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle was examined. materials and methods: the effects of three concentrations of aqueous-ethanolic extract, 10 nm atropine, and saline on muscarinic receptors were tested on incubated tracheal smoo...