Background: Different kinds of smoking tobacco may affect pulmonary function and reduce some spirometric parameters. This study aimed to assess the relationship between cigarettes waterpipe Methods: was a cross-sectional on 1543 middle-aged individuals, as sub-study Shahedieh cohort in Yazd. The participants were randomly selected from population divided into 6 groups according their habits: no...

background the association between inflammatory markers and the combination of the smoking status plus a number of components of the metabolic syndrome was not fully evaluated in male japanese subjects. objectives to demonstrate the association between inflammatory markers and the number of components of the metabolic syndrome by considering smoking status. patients and methods a total of 3,017...

smoking has been shown to be a complicating factor in normal wound healing. both nicotine and carbon monoxide adversely affect multiple stages of the healing process. from 1991 to 1999,407 muscle flap procedures were performed on 374 patients in a single surgical unit. a retrospective review of 261 patients was completed. patients were divided into three groups: group a, no smoking history grou...

background: cigarette smoking has several known detrimental effect on cardiovascular system.  qt dispersion (qtd) is among the important predictors of cardiac death.   objective:   to assess the acute effect of smoking of a single standard cigarette on qt and qtc (corrected qt) dispersion, hence on the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in healthy smokers and non-smokers.   methods: 111 healthy me...