This paper presents three new approaches to reduce excess sludge production in activated sludge systems: 1) modification of conventional activated sludge process with insertion of a sludge holding tank in the sludge return line; 2) chlorination of excess sludge so as to minimize excess sludge production; and 3) utilization of a metabolic uncoupler, 3, 3', 4', 5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) t...

This study was performed to investigate the different methods of treating hyper granulation tissue on experimentally induced wounds in equine limbs. Wounds were induced by removal of a skin patch and subcutaneous tissue for about 5-7 cm width and 6-8 cm in length from the dorsal and lateral aspect of the fore and hind limbs below the carpal and tarsal joints. The wounds were left open without t...

Size enlargement of fine powders by wet granulation involves mixing of fine particles with a binder liquid to form larger wet granules and drying them by evaporation of the binder liquid to form larger dry granules. Identification of the time for completion of granulation process is critical as further mixing of dry granules is providing extra energy for their attrition. In a batch fluidized be...

In the pharmaceutical industry, the three most common granulation processes for solid dosage form production are wet granulation, dry granulation (roller compaction) and direct blending. Yet, despite being well-established techniques, each has its drawbacks. Moisture-activated dry granulation (MADG) was developed in response to the difficulties experienced with wet granulation, in terms of endp...

• VFAs are decisive for the enrichment of Accumulibacter and stable EBPR activity. N 2 O formation was strongly related to presence Accumulibacter. Amino acids promoted Burkholderiaceae unstable EBPR. Glucose resulted in Saccharimonadaceae GAOs rather than PAOs. Performance enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is often investigated with simple synthetic wastewater containing volatile f...

Alternate cycling of sludge in aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic regimes is a promising strategy that can reduce the sludge yield of conventional activated sludge (CAS) by up to 50% with potentially lower capital and operating cost than physical- and/or chemical-based sludge minimisation techniques. The mechanisms responsible for reducing sludge yield include alterations to cellular metabolism and...

The literature on reduction of excess sludge production by ozonation is summarized. Two sequencing batch reactor experiments where sludge is ozonated for this purpose are performed. The purpose of these is to evaluate the prospects of using ozonation to reduce excess sludge production in two different kinds of sludge. Urban sewage sludge is used in the first, and paper mill sludge in the second...

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with oversized diameter commonly affects its stability and pollutant removal. In order to effectively restrict the particle size of AGS, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) spiny aeration device was put forward. A conventional SBR (R1) an (R2) treating tannery wastewater were compared in laboratory. The result indicates that from R2 smaller than R1 granulation. spines...