This work introduces a limitation on the minimum value that can be assumed by energy of relativistic gas in presence non-zero heat flux. Such arises from non-negativity particle distribution function, and is found solving Hamburger moment problem. The resulting seen to recover Taub inequality case zero flux, but more strict if flux considered. These results imply that, order for function non-ne...

4 The seasonal cycle of the heating of the atmosphere is divided into a component due to direct 5 solar absorption in the atmosphere, and a component due to the flux of energy from the 6 surface to the atmosphere via latent, sensible, and radiative heat fluxes. Both observations 7 and coupled climate models are analyzed. The vast majority of the seasonal heating of the 8 Northern extratropics (...

Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations are conducted to quantify the enhancement of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes by tropical precipitating cloud systems for 20 days (10–30 December 1992) during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The mesoscale enhancement appears to be analogo...

Applying properties of the Laplace transform, the transient heat diffusion equation can be transformed into a fractional (extraordinary) differential equation. This equation can then be modified, using the Fourier Law, into a unique expression relating the local value of the time-varying temperature (or heat flux) and the corresponding transient heat flux (or temperature). We demonstrate that t...

This paper presents a set of classical analytical solutions to heat conduction in a two-layer composite hollow cylindrical medium, which are derived by the method of Laplace transform. The subjected boundary conditions are general and included various combinations of constant temperature, constant flux, zero flux, or convection boundary condition at either surface. The new solution can reduce t...

The authors assess the role of time-dependent eddy variability in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in influencing warming of the Southern Ocean. For this, an eddy-resolving quasigeostrophic model of the wind-driven circulation is used, and the response of circumpolar transport, eddy kinetic energy, and eddy heat transport to changes in winds is quantified. On interannual time scales, the...

Coastal ocean models often rely on the surface fields from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for realistic surface boundary conditions, but the errors in these fields are poorly understood. We evaluate the surface meteorological and flux fields provided by three of the regional NWP models in operation during 1996 and 1997 at the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP):...

A description of the coupling of Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) is presented. IBIS introduces several key advantages to RegCM3, most notably vegetation dynamics, the coexistence of multiple plant functional types in the same grid cell, more sophisticated plant phenology, plant competition, explicit modeling of soil/plant biogeochemistry, and a...

The southern hemisphere westerly winds have been strengthening and shifting poleward since the 1950s. This wind trend is projected to persist under continued anthropogenic forcing, but the impact of the changing winds on Antarctic coastal heat distribution remains poorly understood. Here we show that a poleward wind shift at the latitudes of the Antarctic Peninsula can produce an intense warmin...

This paper presents the results of modelling the heat transfer process in heterogeneous media with the assumption that part of the heat flux is dispersed in the air around the beam. The heat transfer process in a solid material (beam) can be described by an integer order partial differential equation. However, in heterogeneous media, it can be described by a sub- or hyperdiffusion equation whic...