Although a growing body of research indicates that frequent nightmares are related to impaired sleep regulation, the pathophysiology of nightmare disorder is far from being fully understood. We examined the relative spectral power values for NREM and REM sleep separately in 19 individuals with nightmare disorder and 21 healthy controls, based on polysomnographic recordings of the second nights'...

Sleep stages classification is one of the most important methods for diagnosis in psychiatry and neurology. In this paper, a combination of three kinds of classifiers are proposed which classify the EEG signal into five sleep stages including Awake, N-REM (non-rapid eye movement) stage 1, N-REM stage 2, N-REM stage 3 and 4 (also called Slow Wave Sleep), and REM. Twenty-five all night recordings...

Sensory responses in neocortex are strongly modulated by changes in brain state, such as those observed between sleep stages or attentional levels. However, the specific effects of network state changes on the spatiotemporal properties of sensory responses are poorly understood. The slow oscillation, which is observed in neocortex under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia and is characterized by alter...

Interictal spikes (IS) are one of the major hallmarks of epilepsy. Understanding the factors promoting or suppressing IS would increase our comprehension of epilepsy and possibly open new avenues for therapy. Sleep strongly influences epileptic activity, and the modulatory effects of the different sleep stages on IS have been studied for decades. However, several aspects are still disputed, in ...

Sleep spindles are waxing and waning thalamocortical oscillations with accepted frequencies of between 11 and 16 Hz and a minimum duration of 0.5 s. Our research has suggested that there is spindle activity in all of the sleep stages, and thus for the present analysis we examined the link between spindle activity (Stage 2, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS)) and waking cognitive...

This paper focuses on age-related change in sleep and improves our sleep estimation method by employing the feature of such relation between sleep stage and age. In particular, the wake stage increases as the age increases, while Non-REM stage decrease as the age increase. Using such distinctive features, we propose a new determination sleep stages, and introduce it into for our sleep estimatio...

The oral and nasal contributions to inhaled ventilation were simultaneously quantified during sleep in 10 healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) aged 43 +/- 5 yr, with normal nasal resistance (mean 2.0 +/- 0.3 cmH(2)O. l(-1). s(-1)) by use of a divided oral and nasal mask. Minute ventilation awake (5.9 +/- 0.3 l/min) was higher than that during sleep (5.2 +/- 0.3 l/min; P < 0.0001), but there was no...

UNLABELLED Factors modifying the effect of environmental noise on sleep include sex, age, susceptibility, personality and the health status, including past and present history of disease. OBJECTIVE The effects of noise on sleep and habituation of sleep to noise were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1) The effect of noise on sleep is associated with physical changes, such as changes in he...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Brief arousals have been systematically scored during sleep for more than 20 years. Despite significant knowledge concerning the importance of arousals for the sleep process in normal subjects and patients, comprehensive age norms have not been published. METHODS Seventy-six normal subjects (40 men) without sleep apnea or periodic limb movements of sleep, aged 18 to 70 years,...

This paper reviews the existing body of knowledge on the neural correlates of spontaneous oscillations, functional connectivity and brain plasticity in human non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The first section reviews the evidence that specific sleep events as slow waves and spindles are associated with transient increases in regional brain activity. The second section describes the changes ...