knowledge of surgery is one of the milestones in islamic civilization. the purpose of this study was to find principles and proven techniques used by muslim surgeons, third to twelfth century ah. the present study, enjoying a historical approach, used a descriptive analysis method with matching samples. the findings of the study revealed that, during this period, some of the principles and tech...

background wart is a skin disease with circular appendages, which is called “suloul” in iranian traditional medicine (itm). according to itm literature, warts have different types and causes. the most important mechanism is excretion of materials (khelt) from body to skin and mucus; its causative material is often phlegm, black bile or a combination of them. to treat warts, it is necessary to c...

background: this study was done to assess the use of traditional/complementary and alternative medicine (tm/cam) during pregnancy and the reasons behind it from the mother’s perspective. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study, 919 pregnant mothers attending at prenatal care units of governmental health centers recruited through a multistage sampling and completed a self-report questi...

herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. the supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. generalizations about ...

background: hand eczema (he) is a dermatological disorder with frequent relapses and multiple causes such as atopic, allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. the management is complex because of the wide range of different pathogenesis. efficacy of some of available treatments is not well established and it can affect patients’ quality of life significantly. methods: reports on he such as diag...

context traditional iranian medicine (tim) is a rich and valuable school of thought that believes medications are not the only effective approach for the treatment of diseases but that nutrition is also important. evidence acquisition our study includes two parts; the first is a book review of the canon of medicine by avicenna (10th and 11th centuries), in which we focus on finding and understa...