A case-control study was performed by way of a postal questionnaire among Dutch downhill skiers insured by a company covering one-third of the market. Cases (N = 572) were a sample of those who claimed medical costs because of a ski injury that prevented them from skiing or other activities for one day or longer. Controls (N = 576) were a sample of uninjured skiers who claimed for nonmedical re...

The aim of this study was to quantify and describe the exercise intensity of ski mountaineering racing, and to identify the best physiological predictors of ski mountaineering racing. Before participating in the race in which heart rate (HR) and speed were continuously recorded, 10 trained ski-mountaineers performed a field maximal test to determine the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) and the...

The purpose of the present review was to: 1) provide an overview of the current understanding on the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, and prevention methods for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in alpine ski racing; and 2) provide an overview of what is known pertaining to ACL reinjury and return to sport after ACL injury in alpine ski racing. Given that most of the scientific studi...

The Olympian ideal of going faster, jumping further and leaping higher than the opposition is central to competitive sports. Winning or losing in sport is related to a number of factors, and biomechanics, anthropometrics, and aerodynamics play a major role in many sports. This lecture focuses on ski jumping. Performance in ski jumping is determined not only by the motor abilities of the athlete...

During the past five decades recreational alpine skiing has become increasingly safer. The numerous annual media reports on ski injuries have to be interpreted on the basis of the tremendous numbers of skiers. These favourable changes seem primarily be due to the introduction of short carving skis, more rigid and comfortable ski boots, the use of protective gear like helmets, and the optimized ...

Ideal carving occurs when a snowboarder or skier, equipped with a snowboard or carving skis, describes a perfect carved turn in which the edges of the ski alone, not the ski surface, describe the trajectory followed by the skier, without any slipping or skidding. In this article, we derive the " ideal-carving " equation which describes the physics of a carved turn under ideal conditions. The la...

This contribution deals with the modeling and control of flatness defects in form of so–called ski–ends which occur during the hot rolling process of heavy plates. These ski–ends are caused by asymmetrical rolling conditions, e.g., different work roll circumferential speeds or vertical temperature gradients. In a first step, a physics–based model for asymmetrical rolling is derived based on the...

The proto-oncogene SKI is highly expressed in human myeloid leukemia and also in murine hematopoietic stem cells. However, its operative relevance in these cells remains elusive. We have over-expressed SKI to define its intrinsic role in hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasms, which resulted in a robust competitive advantage upon transplantation, a complete dominance of the stem and progenitor com...

The c-ski proto-oncogene encodes a transcriptional regulator that has been implicated in the development of different tissues at different times during vertebrate development. We identified two novel paralogues of the c-ski gene family, skiA and skiB in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The skiA protein is maternal and ubiquitous while skiB is zygotic. Overexpression of SkiA or SkiB disrupted gastrulati...

All ski-related accidental deaths in Vermont during the 1979-1980 through 1985-1986 ski seasons are reported. Sixteen deaths occurred in downhill skiers at major ski areas. During the same period 24.17 million skier-days were logged for an estimated rate of one death per 1.5 million skier-days. Of the skiers 81% were male, and 62% were between the ages of 15 and 26 years. Fourteen of 16 cases r...