retinoic acid (ra) plays a key role in pattern formation along the major body axis and limbformation during vertebrate development. exposure to excessive retinoic acid (in uterus) generatescongenital malformations in limbs, craniofacial, cns, urogenital, heart, and axial skeletons. in thesestudies, seven groups of nmri pregnant mice were administered a single gavage dose of 100 mg /kgbody weigh...

introduction: satellite cells are known as the main regenerative cell type in skeletal muscles. our study established a modified digestion and preplating method for the isolation of slow or weak adherent cells for the enrichment of satellite cells. low-survival rate of these primary stem cells prompted us to address whether cell culture medium substitution might change cell viability status. me...

background: the purpose of present study was to investigate whether sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) levels and its receptors gene expressions are correlated with myod and myogenin following resistance training. materials and methods: 24 eight-week-old male wistar rats (190-250 gr) were assigned randomly to a control (n = 12) or training (n = 12) group. rats climbed a resistance training ladder wi...

background: the technique most frequently employed for breast reconstruction, either immediate (ibr) or delayed (dbr), is the insertion of a prosthesis. the placement of a foreign body always carries the risk, albeit small, of peri-prosthetic infection and exposure of the implant that necessitates its removal, signaling the temporary or permanent failure of the reconstruction. methods: we retro...

injuries to the posterolateral corner (plc) comprise a significant portion of knee ligament injuries. a high index of suspicion is necessary when evaluating the injured knee to detect these sometimes occult injuries. moreover, a thorough physical examination and a comprehensive review of radiographic studies are necessary to identify these injuries. in this sense, stress radiographs can help to...

BACKGROUND We are presenting our experience in the use of locking compression plate (LCP) after juxta-articular oncological resections in addition to its use in pathologic fracture. METHODS A retrospective audit of skeletal reconstruction using LCP in 25 cases of long bone tumors was performed from 2008 to 2010. Reconstruction following limb salvage surgery was done in 17 patients and interna...

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men. Bone scan part staging modality commonly used to evaluate bone metastasis. A with diffused increased skeletal tracer uptake relative soft tissue, combined faint renal activity known as a superscan. However, primary concern are false negatives associated scans, where diffuse metastasis indistinguishable on superscans. In t...