Background: CDKN2A, encoding two important tumor suppressor proteins p16 and p14, is a tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene and subsequently the defect in p16 and p14 proteins lead to the downregulation of RB1/p53 and cancer malignancy. To identify the structural and functional effects of mutations, various powerful bioinformatics tools are available. The aim of this study is the ident...

Microarrays are widely used to evaluate gene expression at the genome scale. However, all too often the importance of data analysis at the level of the individual probe is overlooked. This is a particular problem when trying to detect differences in gene expression levels among genetically unique animals, across inbred animal strains, or among genetically modified animals. Of particular concern...

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the status of RANKL6-7 gene polymorphism in patients with chronic (mild, moderate, severe) and aggressive periodontitis as well as healthy controls. We examined80 patients for the RANKL6-7 polymorphisms (rs1054016 and rs9567000). Polymorphism was determinedby polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. No statistica...

Background: Recent studies have shown that KIT is expressed in the cytoplasm of the spermatogonia, acrosomal granules and leydig cells. Reduction in KIT expression in oligozoospermia with an increase in the germ cell apoptosis process. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified and these have been studied to discover KIT role in the male infertility. The aim of this study...

Abstract Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some genes which are involving in sperm maturation, are considered as one of the main reason for male infertility. Any changes in protamine genes may cause abnormal histone-protamine replacement during spermiogenesis and have been indicated to cause sperm DNA damage and infertility. Objective: The aim of present case-control study w...

New structural analysis methods, and a tree formalism re-define and expand the RNA motif concept, unifying what previously appeared to be disparate groups of structures. We find RNA tetraloops at high frequencies, in new contexts, with unexpected lengths, and in novel topologies. The results, with broad implications for RNA structure in general, show that even at this most elementary level of o...

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping is the easiest and most reliable way to map genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. SNPs are extremely dense and usually have no associated phenotype, making them ideal markers for mapping. SNP mapping has three steps. First, recombinant mutant animals are generated over a polymorphic strain (usually CB4856) using standard genetic techniques. Second, the ge...