Watson and Rayner's (1920) ;Little Albert' experiment has become one of the most famous studies in psychology. It is a staple of many general psychology textbooks and is part of the very fabric of the discipline's folklore. Despite this fame, the study has been widely criticized in the nearly 90 years since it was published for its lack of methodological rigour. This article attempts to evaluat...

John Maynard Smith, who died of lung cancer last month at the age of 84, was one of the most influential evolutionary biologists of his generation. He grew up in rural Somerset and was educated at Eton College. There he was stimulated by the writings of J.B.S. Haldane, a life-long influence. As he explained in the introduction to his collection of Haldane’s writings On Being the Right Size, “I ...

Offered an attractive choice of PhD berths, he opted for Columbia, and the theoretician Joseph E. Mayer as supervisor. The war intervened and Doty was deflected for a period into work on heavy water on the periphery of the Manhattan Project. It did not impede his daytime research, which progressed rapidly: he and a fellow student, Bruno Zimm, built the country's first light-scattering instrumen...

At the end of World War I, British medical officers noted that soldiers infected with malaria were more likely to die during the 1918 influenza pandemic than those without malaria. This synergistic mortality appeared to be specific to Plasmodium falciparum and has not been generally noted since 1920. A possible explanation is that a malaria-induced procoagulant state enhanced the activation of ...

ALTHOUGH comparatively rare, spontaneous cysts of the ciliary body have evoked numerous contributions to the literature. The diagnosis is essentially clinical and differentiation from a melanosarcoma may be very difficult. These cysts were well named pseudo-melanosarcomata by Pagenstecher (1910). Before the report of Fischer (1920), the diagnosis of such cysts had been established only by histo...

—Since the late 1920's there have been periodic control programs on black-tailed prairie dogs in Wind Cave National Park. The most recent control effort, which began in 1982, resulted in the reduction of total dogtown acreage from 2,000 to 750 acres. Recent studies carried out within the park have provided managers with more soundly based justification for carrying out control programs. The sam...

"The seven-fold increase, since 1920, in the labor force participation rate of married women [in the United States] was not accompanied by a substantial increase in average work experience among employed married women. Two data sets giving life-cycle labor-force histories for cohorts of women born from the 1880s to 1910s indicate considerable (unconditional) heterogeneity in labor-force partic...

P ERIODONTOSIS may be defined as a noninflammatory degenerative disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, causing them to become loose and wander from their position in the dental arch. Rapid loss of the teeth is the usual. It affects the younger age group and it is believed to be more frequent in females. This disease was first described by Gottlieb in 1920. Since that time man...

WE felt that a survey and analysis of the features of normal optic discs could perhaps be rewarding, as such a study had not been carried out, as far as we knew, since the work of Thompson (1920), Picard (1921, 1923), and Bednarski (1925) (Williamson-Noble, 1961). We were of the opinion that to obtain reliable results the study must be confined to simple points observed in the course of a routi...

Follicular psoriasis is a common yet under reported entity. Major dermatology textbooks fail to emphasise and even neglect this important diagnosis and since its original description in 1920 there have been only three reports in the published literature. As a result the diagnosis is seldom entertained by dermatology trainees in the differential diagnosis of a folliculocentric skin disease. We p...