A simple analysis is presented of twin-stripe semiconductor Y-junction laser amplifier switches that operate through simultaneous changes in gain and refractive index due to free carrier injection. This shows that (in contrast to four-port directional coupler devices based on the same mechnism) good cross-talk performance may be obtained for a wide range of operating conditions.

The transport of chemically reactive fluids through fractured clay-rich rocks is fundamental to many subsurface engineering technologies. Here, we present results direct-shear laboratory experiments with simultaneous imaging by X-ray Computed Tomography in Opalinus claystone subsequent fluid injection unravel the interplay between mechanical fracture deformation, sorption, and flow. Under const...

Abstract The current tendency in the eastern part of Europe is to modify old diesel engines with purpose improving characteristics terms horsepower and torque, but also reduce generated pollution. are still use, against tendencies renouncing their support, at least larger urban & industrial areas, where pollution level, especially particulate matter (particles PM10, PM2.5) ozone concentrati...

The mode-locking technique based on intracavity second-harmonic generation is extended to sum- and difference-frequency generation. Simultaneous passive mode locking of two different types of laser in a combined cavity is thus possible. By using the same principle, a laser may be actively mode locked by injection of a pulse train from another mode-locked laser.

Intracerebroventricular injection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) into rat caused a temporary elevation of body temperature followed by a decrease to below the control level. Hypothermia induced by cholecystokinin octapeptide was abolished by simultaneous administration of VIP. Hypothermia following pentobarbital administration was reduced by successive injections of VIP. The results...