Most biologists both love and hate the complexity of biological systems. A complex system is a dynamic system that behaves in a non-linear fashion and is composed of many interacting elements — a definition that easily covers biomolecules, cells, tissues, organisms and groups of organisms. Emergent behaviors (that is, global behaviors that arise, but are not easily predicted, from the simple in...

the morphological river evolution at long-time (centuries and even millennia) and large spatial scale (watersheds of several square kilometres) can be described by means of simplified 1d models, able to simulate the variation of bed elevation and grain size composition at non-detailed scales, involving a reduced computational effort. the erosion and deposition phenomena acting along rivers can ...