While the role of abiotic factors in governing species interactions is dealt with in various chapters of this book (e.g. Chap. 7 by Terlizzi and Schiel, Chap. 9 by Benedetti-Cecchi and Chap. 13 by Gili and Petraitis), we will focus here on the biotic factors that affect species interactions. Due to the large number of examples on biotic interactions, we can not and do not attempt to give a comp...

Living organisms can sense and respond to external and internal stimuli. Response isdemonstrated in many forms including modulation of gene expression profiles, motility,secretion, cell death, etc. Nevertheless, all forms share a basic property: they depend on sensingsmall changes in the concentration of an effector molecule or subtle conformational changes ina protein and invoking the appropri...

In this paper we show that expansion of a Buchsbaum simplicial complex is $CM_t$, for an optimal integer $tgeq 1$. Also, by imposing extra assumptions on a $CM_t$ simplicial complex, we provethat it can be obtained from a Buchsbaum complex.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of textual enhancement types on English as Foreign Language ( EFL ) learn er s ’ grammatical awareness of simple and complex structures. A nu m- ber of 104 learners from Ayandegan Institute, in Tehran, participated in this study. To homogenize the samples, the researchers administered a placement Michigan Test of English language to the p...

In this paper we study the network structure in music and attempt to compose music artificially. Networks are constructed with nodes and edges corresponding to musical notes and their co-occurrences. We analyze sample compositions from Bach, Mozart, Chopin, as well as other types of music including Chinese pop music. We observe remarkably similar properties in all networks constructed from the ...

The construction of brand identities today can not be reduced to a simple set of attributes that consumers/users just accept consenting and as a closed box. It is rather a system that, in a society inclusion-oriented, increasingly appears as the result of an ideal alchemy between social and product values, emotional and rational contents, collective and corporate cultures. the brand/visual desi...

In this work, we propose a simple method for obtaining the algebraic solution of a complex interval linear system where coefficient matrix is a complex matrix and the right-hand-side vector is a complex interval vector. We first use a complex interval version of the Doolittle decomposition method and then we restrict the Doolittle's solution, by complex limiting factors, to achieve a complex in...